在Debian 11上用checkinstall制作Python 3.12安装包时出错

问题背景 #

在Debian 11系统使用checkinstall 1.6.3制作Python 3.12的deb安装包，此前成功制作过Python 3.11包。执行以下命令后出现pip相关报错：

./configure --enable-optimizations --enable-shared --prefix=/usr
make -j $(nproc)
make -n altinstall > make_altinstall.sh
chmod +x make_altinstall.sh
sudo checkinstall -D ./make_altinstall.sh

报错信息 #

ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 180, in exc_logging_wrapper
    status = run_func(*args)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 248, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 324, in run
    session = self.get_default_session(options)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 98, in get_default_session
    self._session = self.enter_context(self._build_session(options))
                                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 125, in _build_session
    session = PipSession(
              ^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 342, in __init__
    self.headers["User-Agent"] = user_agent()
                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/network/session.py", line 175, in user_agent
    setuptools_dist = get_default_environment().get_distribution("setuptools")
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py", line 188, in get_distribution
    return next(matches, None)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py", line 183, in <genexpr>
    matches = (
              ^
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/metadata/base.py", line 612, in iter_all_distributions
    for dist in self._iter_distributions():
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py", line 176, in _iter_distributions
    for dist in finder.find_eggs(location):
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py", line 144, in find_eggs
    yield from self._find_eggs_in_dir(location)
  File "/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl/pip/_internal/metadata/importlib/_envs.py", line 115, in _find_eggs_in_dir
    with os.scandir(location) as it:
         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: ''
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "/home/thomas/Downloads/Python-3.12.0/Lib/ensurepip/__main__.py", line 5, in <module>
    sys.exit(ensurepip._main())
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/thomas/Downloads/Python-3.12.0/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 284, in _main
    return _bootstrap(
           ^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/thomas/Downloads/Python-3.12.0/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 200, in _bootstrap
    return _run_pip([*args, *_PACKAGE_NAMES], additional_paths)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/thomas/Downloads/Python-3.12.0/Lib/ensurepip/__init__.py", line 101, in _run_pip
    return subprocess.run(cmd, check=True).returncode
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/thomas/Downloads/Python-3.12.0/Lib/subprocess.py", line 571, in run
    raise CalledProcessError(retcode, process.args,
subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command '['/home/thomas/Downloads/Python-3.12.0/python', '-W', 'ignore::DeprecationWarning', '-c', '\nimport runpy\nimport sys\nsys.path = [\'/tmp/tmpklvy9437/pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl\'] + sys.path\nsys.argv[1:] = [\'install\', \'--no-cache-dir\', \'--no-index\', \'--find-links\', \'/tmp/tmpklvy9437\', \'--root\', \'/\', \'--upgrade\', \'pip\']\nrunpy.run_module("pip", run_name="__main__", alter_sys=True)\n']' returned non-zero exit status 2.

****  Installation failed. Aborting package creation.

Cleaning up...OK

Bye.

解决方法 #

报错根源是Python 3.12的ensurepip模块在checkinstall的安装环境中出现路径解析错误，导致pip安装失败。以下是两种可行方案：

方案1：配置时跳过ensurepip #

修改configure命令，添加--without-ensurepip参数，直接跳过内置pip的安装：

./configure --enable-optimizations --enable-shared --prefix=/usr --without-ensurepip
make -j $(nproc)
make -n altinstall > make_altinstall.sh
chmod +x make_altinstall.sh
sudo checkinstall -D ./make_altinstall.sh

制作完成并安装deb包后，手动安装pip：

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo python3.12 get-pip.py
rm get-pip.py

方案2：修改安装脚本跳过ensurepip #

如果不想重新configure，直接编辑生成的make_altinstall.sh，找到所有包含ensurepip的行，在前面添加#注释掉，例如：

# ./python -m ensurepip --altinstall --root="/"

保存后再执行sudo checkinstall -D ./make_altinstall.sh，后续同样手动安装pip。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者tompi