含多版本JAR的WAR包部署失败问题求助

问题本质 #

TomEE 9.1.1、Glassfish v6.2.5的类加载器未正确处理多版本JAR（MRjar）的META-INF/versions/目录，错误加载了Jackson 2.15.0中为Java 19编译的class文件（主版本号63），而服务器运行在Java 17环境下，导致版本不兼容报错。

方法1：替换为Jackson Java17专属版本 #

Jackson从2.13版本开始提供针对特定JDK的非MRjar包，直接替换依赖即可：
在pom.xml中修改Jackson相关依赖，添加jdk17分类器：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
    <version>2.15.0</version>
    <classifier>jdk17</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.15.0</version>
    <classifier>jdk17</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
    <version>2.15.0</version>
    <classifier>jdk17</classifier>
</dependency>

注意：若项目依赖其他Jackson模块（如jackson-modules-java8），需同步替换为带jdk17后缀的版本。

方法2：构建时移除MRjar中的Java19版本目录 #

若无法替换依赖，可通过Maven插件在构建过程中删除Jackson JAR里的高版本class目录：
在pom.xml的<build><plugins>中添加以下配置：

<!-- 解压Jackson依赖 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>unpack-jackson</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals><goal>unpack</goal></goals>
            <configuration>
                <artifactItems>
                    <artifactItem>
                        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                        <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
                        <version>2.15.0</version>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/jackson-core</outputDirectory>
                    </artifactItem>
                    <artifactItem>
                        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                        <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
                        <version>2.15.0</version>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/jackson-databind</outputDirectory>
                    </artifactItem>
                </artifactItems>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<!-- 删除Java19版本的class目录 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>remove-java19-classes</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals><goal>clean</goal></goals>
            <configuration>
                <filesets>
                    <fileset>
                        <directory>${project.build.directory}/jackson-core/META-INF/versions/19</directory>
                    </fileset>
                    <fileset>
                        <directory>${project.build.directory}/jackson-databind/META-INF/versions/19</directory>
                    </fileset>
                </filesets>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<!-- 重新打包处理后的Jackson JAR -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>repackage-jackson-core</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals><goal>jar</goal></goals>
            <configuration>
                <classesDirectory>${project.build.directory}/jackson-core</classesDirectory>
                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/dependency</outputDirectory>
                <finalName>jackson-core-2.15.0</finalName>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
        <execution>
            <id>repackage-jackson-databind</id>
            <phase>prepare-package</phase>
            <goals><goal>jar</goal></goals>
            <configuration>
                <classesDirectory>${project.build.directory}/jackson-databind</classesDirectory>
                <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/dependency</outputDirectory>
                <finalName>jackson-databind-2.15.0</finalName>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

<!-- 让WAR包使用处理后的Jackson JAR，排除原始依赖 -->
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <webResources>
            <resource>
                <directory>${project.build.directory}/dependency</directory>
                <targetPath>WEB-INF/lib</targetPath>
            </resource>
        </webResources>
        <packagingExcludes>
            WEB-INF/lib/jackson-core-2.15.0.jar,
            WEB-INF/lib/jackson-databind-2.15.0.jar
        </packagingExcludes>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

该配置会在构建WAR包前，处理Jackson JAR并移除Java19版本的class，避免服务器类加载器误加载。

方法3：升级服务器版本 #

TomEE 10.x或Glassfish 7.x已修复MRjar的类加载问题，若允许升级服务器，直接部署即可解决。但如果受限于现有环境，优先考虑前两种方法。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user17022777