Django+MongoDB REST API调用404错误及CRUD实现求助

核心问题诊断 #

1. URL格式错误：日志中出现/emp/registration%0A，%0A是换行符，说明请求URL中存在多余换行，导致路由匹配失败
2. 路由配置不完整：当前路由仅支持无参数的请求，PUT/DELETE操作需要携带ID参数但未配置对应路由
3. 视图字段与模型不匹配：视图中错误使用DepartmentId字段，而模型中实际字段为RegistrationId
4. 变量名混淆：视图中多处将registration错误命名为department，导致逻辑混乱

修复步骤及代码修正 #

1. 修正路由配置（EmployeeApp/urls.py） #

添加带ID参数的路由，支持PUT/DELETE操作：

from EmployeeApp import views
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.conf import settings
from django.urls import path

urlpatterns = [
    path('registration', views.registrationApi),
    path('registration/<int:id>', views.registrationApi),  # 新增带ID的路由
] 

2. 修正视图函数（EmployeeApp/views.py） #

修复字段匹配问题、变量名混淆，并增加异常处理：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser
from django.http.response import JsonResponse

from EmployeeApp.models import Registrations
from EmployeeApp.serializers import RegistrationsSerializer

@csrf_exempt
def registrationApi(request, id=0):
    if request.method == 'GET':
        registrations = Registrations.objects.all()
        registrations_serializer = RegistrationsSerializer(registrations, many=True)
        return JsonResponse(registrations_serializer.data, safe=False)
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        registration_data = JSONParser().parse(request)
        registrations_serializer = RegistrationsSerializer(data=registration_data)
        if registrations_serializer.is_valid():
            registrations_serializer.save()
            return JsonResponse("Added Successfully", safe=False)
        return JsonResponse(f"Failed to Add: {registrations_serializer.errors}", safe=False)
    elif request.method == 'PUT':
        registration_data = JSONParser().parse(request)
        try:
            registration = Registrations.objects.get(RegistrationId=registration_data['RegistrationId'])
            registrations_serializer = RegistrationsSerializer(registration, data=registration_data)
            if registrations_serializer.is_valid():
                registrations_serializer.save()
                return JsonResponse("Updated Successfully", safe=False)
            return JsonResponse(f"Failed to Update: {registrations_serializer.errors}", safe=False)
        except Registrations.DoesNotExist:
            return JsonResponse("Registration not found", safe=False)
    elif request.method == 'DELETE':
        try:
            registration = Registrations.objects.get(RegistrationId=id)
            registration.delete()
            return JsonResponse("Deleted Successfully", safe=False)
        except Registrations.DoesNotExist:
            return JsonResponse("Registration not found", safe=False)

3. 修正请求规范 #

• POST请求：使用URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/emp/registration（若自定义端口则替换为对应端口，如8080），方法选POST，传入如下JSON：

  {
      "Username":"Soban",
      "Email":"soban@gmail.com",
      "Password":"soban"
  }
  

• PUT请求：使用URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/emp/registration/<实际RegistrationId>，方法选PUT，需在JSON中携带RegistrationId字段
• DELETE请求：使用URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/emp/registration/<实际RegistrationId>，方法选DELETE
• GET请求：使用URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/emp/registration，方法选GET，获取所有注册数据

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Raj De Inno