升级Spring Boot 3.2后AOT代码生成失败：不支持'?'

环境与场景 #

• Spring Boot 3.2
• Java 21
• 项目使用Spring Data JDBC，仓库接口为标准Spring Data Repository类型（示例见下文）
• 测试类中通过@MockBean模拟仓库接口，执行./gradlew build时，所有测试在AOT代码生成阶段失败；注释@MockBean相关代码后可正常构建

报错信息 #

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotException: Failed to generate AOT artifacts for test classes [<list of our classes>]
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotGenerator.lambda$processAheadOfTime$5(TestContextAotGenerator.java:285)
        at java.base/java.util.LinkedHashMap.forEach(LinkedHashMap.java:986)
        at org.springframework.util.MultiValueMapAdapter.forEach(MultiValueMapAdapter.java:179)
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotGenerator.processAheadOfTime(TestContextAotGenerator.java:243)
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotGenerator.processAheadOfTime(TestContextAotGenerator.java:205)
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestAotProcessor.performAotProcessing(TestAotProcessor.java:91)
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestAotProcessor.doProcess(TestAotProcessor.java:72)
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestAotProcessor.doProcess(TestAotProcessor.java:39)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.AbstractAotProcessor.process(AbstractAotProcessor.java:82)
        at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestAotProcessor.main(SpringBootTestAotProcessor.java:63)
Caused by: org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotException: Failed to process test class [<failing test class>] for AOT
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotGenerator.processAheadOfTime(TestContextAotGenerator.java:322)
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotGenerator.lambda$processAheadOfTime$5(TestContextAotGenerator.java:276)
        ... 9 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to generate code for '[[MockDefinition@5b5f61cc name = '', typeToMock = <Spring Data JDBC repository being mocked>, extraInterfaces = set[[empty]], answer = RETURNS_DEFAULTS, serializable = false, reset = AFTER]]' with type java.util.LinkedHashSet<?>
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.generateCode(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:105)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.generateValue(BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.java:257)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.lambda$addConstructorArgumentValues$3(BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.java:179)
        at java.base/java.util.LinkedHashMap.forEach(LinkedHashMap.java:986)
        at java.base/java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap.forEach(Collections.java:1707)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.addConstructorArgumentValues(BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.java:176)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.generateCode(BeanDefinitionPropertiesCodeGenerator.java:126)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.DefaultBeanRegistrationCodeFragments.generateSetBeanDefinitionPropertiesCode(DefaultBeanRegistrationCodeFragments.java:176)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationCodeGenerator.generateCode(BeanRegistrationCodeGenerator.java:81)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionMethodGenerator.lambda$generateBeanDefinitionMethod$3(BeanDefinitionMethodGenerator.java:176)
        at org.springframework.aot.generate.GeneratedMethod.<init>(GeneratedMethod.java:54)
        at org.springframework.aot.generate.GeneratedMethods.add(GeneratedMethods.java:112)
        at org.springframework.aot.generate.GeneratedMethods.add(GeneratedMethods.java:89)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionMethodGenerator.generateBeanDefinitionMethod(BeanDefinitionMethodGenerator.java:169)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionMethodGenerator.generateBeanDefinitionMethod(BeanDefinitionMethodGenerator.java:89)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.lambda$generateRegisterBeanDefinitionsMethod$2(BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.java:90)
        at java.base/java.util.LinkedHashMap.forEach(LinkedHashMap.java:986)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.generateRegisterBeanDefinitionsMethod(BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.java:88)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.lambda$applyTo$1(BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.java:73)
        at org.springframework.aot.generate.GeneratedMethod.<init>(GeneratedMethod.java:54)
        at org.springframework.aot.generate.GeneratedMethods.add(GeneratedMethods.java:112)
        at org.springframework.aot.generate.GeneratedMethods.add(GeneratedMethods.java:89)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.applyTo(BeanRegistrationsAotContribution.java:72)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.applyTo(BeanFactoryInitializationAotContributions.java:78)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ApplicationContextAotGenerator.lambda$processAheadOfTime$0(ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java:58)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ApplicationContextAotGenerator.withCglibClassHandler(ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java:67)
        at org.springframework.context.aot.ApplicationContextAotGenerator.processAheadOfTime(ApplicationContextAotGenerator.java:53)
        at org.springframework.test.context.aot.TestContextAotGenerator.processAheadOfTime(TestContextAotGenerator.java:318)
        ... 10 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Failed to generate code for '[MockDefinition@5b5f61cc name = '', typeToMock = <Spring Data JDBC repository being mocked>, extraInterfaces = set[[empty]], answer = RETURNS_DEFAULTS, serializable = false, reset = AFTER]' with type ?
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.generateCodeForElement(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:114)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator$CollectionDelegate.generateCollectionOf(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:351)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator$SetDelegate.generateCollectionCode(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:450)

> Task :processTestAot FAILED
10 actionable tasks: 1 executed, 9 up-to-date
      at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator$SetDelegate.generateCollectionCode(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:440)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator$CollectionDelegate.generateCode(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:334)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.generateCode(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:132)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.generateCode(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:102)
        ... 37 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Code generation does not support ?
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.generateCode(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:137)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.aot.BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.generateCodeForElement(BeanDefinitionPropertyValueCodeGenerator.java:111)
        ... 43 more

仓库示例代码 #

public interface FooRepository extends ListCrudRepository<Foo, UUID>, PagingAndSortingRepository<Foo, UUID> {
}

解决与规避方案 #

方案1：升级Spring Boot版本 #

该问题是Spring Boot 3.2.x早期版本的已知缺陷，官方在3.2.2及后续版本中修复了@MockBean在测试AOT代码生成时的类型处理问题。直接升级到最新稳定版即可解决。

方案2：临时禁用测试AOT处理 #

若暂时无法升级版本，可在Gradle配置中跳过测试的AOT处理：
在build.gradle中添加：

// 禁用所有测试的AOT支持
tasks.withType(Test) {
    jvmArgs('-Dspring.aot.enabled=false')
}

// 或者直接跳过processTestAot任务
tasks.named('processTestAot') {
    enabled = false
}

方案3：手动创建并注入Mock #

替代@MockBean，用Mockito手动创建Mock实例，通过反射注入到测试目标类中，绕过Spring AOT对MockBean的处理逻辑：

@SpringBootTest
class FooServiceTest {
    private FooRepository fooRepository = Mockito.mock(FooRepository.class);

    @Autowired
    private FooService fooService;

    @BeforeEach
    void setUp() {
        // 用反射将Mock注入到服务类中
        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(fooService, "fooRepository", fooRepository);
    }

    // 测试方法示例
    @Test
    void testFooMethod() {
        // 配置Mock行为
        when(fooRepository.findById(any(UUID.class))).thenReturn(Optional.of(new Foo()));
        // 执行测试逻辑
        Foo result = fooService.getFooById(UUID.randomUUID());
        // 断言验证
        assertNotNull(result);
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniel Mikusa