2023年如何用C# .NET将FlowDocument或XPS转换为PDF？

方案1：使用Ghostscript.NET（开源跨平台） #

依赖安装 #

安装NuGet包：Ghostscript.NET

示例代码 #

using System.IO;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Xps.Packaging;
using Ghostscript.NET.Rasterizer;

public void ConvertFlowDocumentToPdf(FlowDocument flowDoc, string outputPdfPath)
{
    // 将FlowDocument转换为XPS内存流
    using var xpsStream = new MemoryStream();
    using var package = Package.Open(xpsStream, FileMode.Create);
    using var xpsDoc = new XpsDocument(package);
    var xpsWriter = XpsDocument.CreateXpsDocumentWriter(xpsDoc);
    xpsWriter.Write(((IDocumentPaginatorSource)flowDoc).DocumentPaginator);
    xpsStream.Position = 0;

    // 调用Ghostscript转换XPS到PDF
    using var rasterizer = new GhostscriptRasterizer();
    var gsArguments = new List<string>
    {
        "-dNOPAUSE",
        "-dBATCH",
        "-sDEVICE=pdfwrite",
        $"-sOutputFile={outputPdfPath}",
        "-f-" // 从标准输入读取XPS流
    };

    rasterizer.Open(xpsStream, GhostscriptVersionInfo.GetLastInstalledVersion(), gsArguments.ToArray());
}

说明 #

• 基于开源的Ghostscript引擎，支持复杂XPS文档的转换，跨平台兼容
• 需确保系统中已安装Ghostscript运行时，或使用带嵌入式运行时的NuGet变体（如Ghostscript.NET.Core）

方案2：使用XpsToPdf（轻量开源库） #

依赖安装 #

安装NuGet包：XpsToPdf

示例代码 #

using System.IO;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Xps.Packaging;
using XpsToPdf;

public void FlowDocumentToPdf(FlowDocument flowDoc, string pdfOutputPath)
{
    // 先将FlowDocument转为XPS内存流
    using var xpsStream = new MemoryStream();
    using var package = Package.Open(xpsStream, FileMode.Create);
    using var xpsDoc = new XpsDocument(package);
    var xpsWriter = XpsDocument.CreateXpsDocumentWriter(xpsDoc);
    xpsWriter.Write(((IDocumentPaginatorSource)flowDoc).DocumentPaginator);
    xpsStream.Position = 0;

    // 一键转换XPS到PDF
    XpsConverter.Convert(xpsStream, pdfOutputPath);
}

说明 #

• 专为XPS转PDF场景设计，API简洁易用，无需额外依赖
• 开源稳定，维护活跃，适合简单到中等复杂度的文档转换

方案3：静默使用Microsoft Print to PDF（无额外库） #

如果你不想引入第三方库，可以通过配置打印队列实现静默打印，同时监听打印状态解决无通知问题：

示例代码 #

using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Printing;
using System.Windows.Documents;

public async Task GeneratePdfSilently(FlowDocument flowDoc, string outputPdfPath)
{
    // 获取系统内置的Microsoft Print to PDF队列
    var printQueue = new PrintQueue(new PrintServer(), "Microsoft Print to PDF");
    
    // 配置打印参数，指定输出文件路径，跳过弹窗
    var printTicket = printQueue.DefaultPrintTicket;
    printTicket.OutputFileName = outputPdfPath;
    printTicket.PrintToFile = true;

    // 提交打印作业
    var paginator = ((IDocumentPaginatorSource)flowDoc).DocumentPaginator;
    var printJob = printQueue.AddJob("FlowDocument PDF Export", paginator, true);

    // 监听打印完成状态
    await Task.Run(() =>
    {
        while (!printJob.IsCompleted && !printJob.IsFailed && !printJob.IsCanceled)
        {
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100);
        }

        if (printJob.IsFailed)
        {
            throw new InvalidOperationException("PDF生成失败：" + printJob.JobStatus);
        }
        // 打印完成后可在此添加通知逻辑
    });
}

说明 #

• 无需额外依赖，利用系统原生驱动
• 依赖Windows系统环境，需确保Microsoft Print to PDF驱动已安装
• 通过轮询打印作业状态解决无完成通知的问题

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dan Stevens