Docker中用pwsh安装vcpkg报错：powershell.exe未找到如何解决？

问题背景 #

在基于mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:7.0的Windows容器中安装vcpkg时，执行bootstrap-vcpkg.bat报错：'powershell.exe' is not recognized as an internal or external command。容器仅预装PowerShell 7（pwsh），无传统Windows PowerShell的powershell.exe。

复现步骤与错误日志 #

执行docker build .的输出：

> docker build .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.048kB
Step 1/7 : FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:7.0
 ---> 43067ec72d68
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR C:/dev/
 ---> Running in 44765abf2793
Removing intermediate container 44765abf2793
 ---> 863d49ebd1c4
Step 3/7 : ARG VCPKG_VERSION=2023.07.21
 ---> Running in 2c95eca3b986
Removing intermediate container 2c95eca3b986
 ---> 1b6f0b11bef4
Step 4/7 : ADD https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/archive/refs/tags/$VCPKG_VERSION.zip C:\TEMP\vcpkg.zip
Downloading  7.571MB

 ---> c957800f783c
Step 5/7 : RUN tar -xf C:\TEMP\vcpkg.zip     && ren vcpkg-%VCPKG_VERSION% vcpkg     && del /f /q c:\TEMP\*.*;
 ---> Running in e2d020f011a6
Removing intermediate container e2d020f011a6
 ---> d5511b253da3
Step 6/7 : SHELL ["pwsh", "-Command", "$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'; $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue';"]
 ---> Running in 2c4d887da6a1
Removing intermediate container 2c4d887da6a1
 ---> 14b149981886
Step 7/7 : RUN .\vcpkg\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat -disableMetrics;
 ---> Running in 31e9ab80d53d
'powershell.exe' is not recognized as an internal or external command,
operable program or batch file.

所用Dockerfile #

# escape=`
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:7.0

WORKDIR C:/dev/

ARG VCPKG_VERSION=2023.07.21
ADD https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg/archive/refs/tags/$VCPKG_VERSION.zip C:\TEMP\vcpkg.zip

RUN tar -xf C:\TEMP\vcpkg.zip `
    && ren vcpkg-%VCPKG_VERSION% vcpkg `
    && del /f /q c:\TEMP\*.*;

SHELL ["pwsh", "-Command", "$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'; $ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue';"]

RUN .\vcpkg\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat -disableMetrics;

容器环境验证 #

容器中仅存在pwsh：

> docker run --rm mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:7.0 pwsh --version
PowerShell 7.3.10

调用powershell.exe会报错：

> docker run --rm mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:7.0 powershell --version
docker: Error response from daemon: container 615360a3654bbe128045fa96770d163dc6c9079b9e86e6d42357eb9e6ee6d10e encountered an error during hcs::System::CreateProcess: failure in a Windows system call: The system cannot find the file specified. (0x2)
[Event Detail:  Provider: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000]
[Event Detail:  Provider: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000]
[Event Detail: onecore\vm\compute\management\orchestration\vmhostedcontainer\processmanagement.cpp(173)\vmcomputeagent.exe!00007FF606A8A1DB: (caller: 00007FF606A3E19A) Exception(1) tid(390) 80070002 The system cannot find the file specified.
    CallContext:[\Bridge_ProcessMessage\VmHostedContainer_ExecuteProcess]
 Provider: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000].

解决方案 #

bootstrap-vcpkg.bat硬编码调用powershell.exe，可通过以下方式解决：

方法1：创建powershell.exe到pwsh的符号链接 #

在执行bootstrap脚本前添加符号链接创建步骤：

RUN New-Item -ItemType SymbolicLink -Path "C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -Target "C:\Program Files\PowerShell\7\pwsh.exe"

方法2：修改bootstrap-vcpkg.bat脚本 #

解压后替换脚本中所有powershell.exe为pwsh：

RUN (Get-Content .\vcpkg\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat) -replace 'powershell.exe', 'pwsh' | Set-Content .\vcpkg\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat

方法3：直接使用PowerShell版本的bootstrap脚本 #

vcpkg提供bootstrap-vcpkg.ps1脚本，直接适配pwsh环境：

RUN .\vcpkg\bootstrap-vcpkg.ps1 -disableMetrics

推荐方案 #

优先选择方法3，无需修改文件或创建链接，是官方支持的简洁适配方式。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者malat