Snapcraft打包JavaFX Maven项目失败，寻求解决方案

系统信息 #

Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS
Apache Maven 3.6.3
Snapcraft 7.5.4
java 21.0.1 2023-10-17 LTS

尝试的配置及报错 #

配置1：用nil插件打包已编译Jar包 #

yaml配置：

name: green-collectives
base: core22
version: '1.0'
summary: Green Collectives - JavaFX Application
description: |
  A Desktop Application built with javaFx with the intention of solving relevant problems and inefficiencies that U.S. Army Service members, and gun enthusiasts face on a daily basis.

grade: stable
confinement: devmode

apps:
  green-collectives:
    command: java -jar $SNAP/target/greenSociety-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar
    environment:
      JAVA_HOME: "$SNAP/home/tyty/.sdkman/candidates/java/21.0.1-oracle/bin"

parts:
  green-collectives:
    plugin: nil
    stage-packages:
      - default-jre

报错：

Command '['snap', 'pack', '--filename', 'green-collectives_1.0_amd64.snap', '--compression', 'xz', PosixPath('/root/prime'), PosixPath('/root/project')]' returned non-zero exit status 1.                                                     
Failed to execute pack in instance.                                            
Recommended resolution: Run the same command again with --debug to shell into the environment if you wish to introspect this failure.

配置2：用Maven插件拉取源码编译 #

yaml配置片段：

parts:
  green-collectives:
    plugin: maven
    source: https://github.com/tcdickson/Green-Collectives.git
    source-type: git
    source-tag: master

报错：

Environment validation failed for part 'green-collectives': 'mvn' not found and part 'green-collectives' does not depend on a part named 'maven-deps' that would satisfy the dependency.   

说明：本地已安装Maven，项目可正常编译打包。

修复配置1的问题 #

1. 修正JAVA_HOME路径：Snapcraft构建环境无法访问宿主的SDKMAN路径，改用stage-packages引入的JRE路径，同时完善PATH：

   environment:
     JAVA_HOME: "$SNAP/usr/lib/jvm/default-java"
     PATH: "$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
   

2. 确保Jar包被正确复制：nil插件不会自动复制项目文件，添加override-stage步骤手动复制Jar包到stage目录：

   parts:
     green-collectives:
       plugin: nil
       stage-packages:
         - default-jre
       override-stage: |
         cp $SNAPCRAFT_PROJECT_DIR/target/greenSociety-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar $SNAPCRAFT_STAGE/
   

   同时修改command路径为java -jar $SNAP/greenSociety-1.0-SNAPSHOT-shaded.jar，因为stage后的文件会放在$SNAP根目录。

修复配置2的问题 #

使用Maven插件时，必须引入maven-deps依赖提供Maven环境，修改parts配置：

parts:
  maven-deps:
    plugin: nil
    stage-packages:
      - maven
  green-collectives:
    plugin: maven
    source: https://github.com/tcdickson/Green-Collectives.git
    source-type: git
    source-tag: master
    after: [maven-deps]
    maven-options: ["-DskipTests"] # 可选，跳过测试加快构建

另外，JavaFX应用需要额外依赖图形库，添加stage-packages引入OpenJFX：

stage-packages:
  - openjfx

通用注意事项 #

• 构建时加--debug参数进入shell，检查文件路径和环境变量：snapcraft --debug
• JavaFX应用在devmode下需添加桌面权限，在apps部分补充：

  plugs:
    - desktop
    - desktop-legacy
    - wayland
    - x11
  

• 确保shaded Jar包包含所有JavaFX依赖，或者通过snap的stage-packages引入完整的OpenJFX库。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者tcdickson