企业Jenkins服务器Playwright Java联调BrowserStack报错排查

问题详情 #

在企业自有Jenkins服务器上构建通过BrowserStack运行Chromium的Playwright Java代码时，出现以下报错：

java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to create driver
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Failed to install browsers, exit code: 1

相关核心代码：

import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.microsoft.playwright.*;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class LaunchBrowserInBrowserStack {

    final String BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME = "myusername";
    final String BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY = "myaccesskey";
    Playwright playwright;
    Browser browser;

    @BeforeClass
    public void setUp() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        JsonObject capabilitiesObject = new JsonObject();
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("browser", "chrome");    
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("browser_version", "latest");
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("os", "windows");
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("os_version", "10");
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("name", "Playwright in browserstack");
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("build", "playwright-java-5");
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("project", "APP Automation Project");
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("browserstack.username", BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME);
        capabilitiesObject.addProperty("browserstack.accessKey", BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY);

        playwright = Playwright.create();
        BrowserType chromium = playwright.chromium();
        String caps = URLEncoder.encode(capabilitiesObject.toString(), "utf-8");
        String ws_endpoint = "wss://cdp.browserstack.com/playwright?caps=" + caps;
        browser = chromium.connect(ws_endpoint);
    }
}

使用的构建命令：

mvn clean test -Dmaven.test.failure.ignore=true -Dsurefire.suiteXmlFiles=TestSuites/DemoTestPlan.xml

尝试安装Chromium时出现系统依赖不兼容错误：

mvn exec:java -e -D exec.mainClass=com.microsoft.playwright.CLI -D exec.args="install chromium"

/tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node: /lib64/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.27' not found (required by /tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node)
/tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.25' not found (required by /tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node)
/tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node)
/tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `CXXABI_1.3.9' not found (required by /tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node)
/tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.20' not found (required by /tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node)
/tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node: /lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.21' not found (required by /tmp/playwright-java-7544179260710857064/node)

关键结论：安装Chromium无法解决问题 #

你是通过WebSocket连接BrowserStack云端运行浏览器，本地Jenkins服务器不需要安装任何浏览器。Playwright报错是因为默认会自动尝试安装本地浏览器，但这一步完全多余，反而因服务器系统依赖不足导致失败。

解决方案 #

1. 禁用Playwright自动安装浏览器（优先推荐） #

修改代码中创建Playwright实例的逻辑，添加skipInstallBrowsers配置跳过浏览器安装：

playwright = Playwright.create(new Playwright.CreateOptions().setSkipInstallBrowsers(true));

这样启动Playwright时不会触发本地浏览器安装流程，直接连接BrowserStack云端浏览器即可，从根源解决报错。

2. 若后续需本地运行浏览器，解决系统依赖问题 #

如果之后有在Jenkins本地运行Playwright浏览器的需求，可通过以下方式解决GLIBC依赖问题：

• 使用Docker容器构建：采用Playwright官方提供的预配置镜像（如mcr.microsoft.com/playwright/java:v1.40.0-jammy），在Jenkins中通过Docker执行构建命令，容器内已预装所有依赖，避开服务器系统限制。
• 升级系统依赖（谨慎操作）：联系运维升级服务器的GLIBC和libstdc++版本，但企业服务器通常有稳定性要求，此方法需评估风险。
• 替换兼容版Node.js：手动下载适配服务器GLIBC版本的Node.js，替换Playwright临时目录中的Node执行文件，此方法操作繁琐，仅作为备选。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sameera De Silva