执行pip安装依赖时遇Fortran编译器未识别错误求助

执行pip install -r requirements_versions.txt安装Python依赖时，始终遇到Fortran编译器相关错误，尝试从官网安装编译器后问题仍未解决。

具体错误信息 #

× Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.   │ exit code: 1   ╰─> [37 lines of output]
      + meson setup C:\Users\bagda\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cyk95ir8\scipy_3e9529a1d9cd407a96011bdcdb5c5cd6 C:\Users\bagda\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cyk95ir8\scipy_3e9529a1d9cd407a96011bdcdb5c5cd6\.mesonpy-90rqinq2
-Dbuildtype=release -Db_ndebug=if-release -Db_vscrt=md --native-file=C:\Users\bagda\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cyk95ir8\scipy_3e9529a1d9cd407a96011bdcdb5c5cd6\.mesonpy-90rqinq2\meson-python-native-file.ini
      The Meson build system
      Version: 1.3.0
      Source dir: C:\Users\bagda\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cyk95ir8\scipy_3e9529a1d9cd407a96011bdcdb5c5cd6
      Build dir: C:\Users\bagda\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cyk95ir8\scipy_3e9529a1d9cd407a96011bdcdb5c5cd6\.mesonpy-90rqinq2
      Build type: native build
      Project name: SciPy
      Project version: 1.9.3
      Activating VS 17.8.2
      C compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.38.33130 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.38.33130 for x64")
      C linker for the host machine: link link 14.38.33130.0
      C++ compiler for the host machine: cl (msvc 19.38.33130 "Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.38.33130 for x64")
      C++ linker for the host machine: link link 14.38.33130.0
      Host machine cpu family: x86_64
      Host machine cpu: x86_64
      Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-but-set-variable: NO
      Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-but-set-variable: NO (cached)
      Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-unused-function: NO
      Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-conversion: NO
      Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-misleading-indentation: NO
      Compiler for C supports arguments -Wno-incompatible-pointer-types: NO
      Library m found: NO

      ..\meson.build:57:0: ERROR: Unknown compiler(s): [['ifort'], ['gfortran'], ['flang'], ['pgfortran'], ['g95']]
      The following exception(s) were encountered:
      Running `ifort --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `ifort -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `gfortran --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `gfortran -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `flang --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `flang -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `pgfortran --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `pgfortran -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `g95 --version` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"
      Running `g95 -V` gave "[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified"

      A full log can be found at C:\Users\bagda\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cyk95ir8\scipy_3e9529a1d9cd407a96011bdcdb5c5cd6\.mesonpy-90rqinq2\meson-logs\meson-log.txt
      [end of output]

解决方案 #

• 添加编译器到系统环境变量：安装gfortran（推荐MinGW-w64版本）后，找到安装目录下的bin文件夹（如C:\mingw64\bin），将其路径加入系统PATH变量。重启命令行，执行gfortran --version验证是否能正常输出版本信息。
• 安装预编译二进制包：Windows系统优先用预编译包避免源码编译，执行pip install scipy==1.9.3 --only-binary :all:（对应requirements中的版本），或直接替换requirements文件中的scipy安装方式为该命令。
• 配置Visual Studio环境：若使用Intel Fortran Compiler（ifort），安装时勾选“集成到Visual Studio”，然后打开Visual Studio开发者命令提示符执行pip安装命令，确保编译器环境被正确加载。
• 手动指定编译器路径：必须源码编译时，创建meson_options.txt文件并添加以下内容，重新执行安装命令：

  [binaries]
  fortran = 'C:/path/to/your/gfortran.exe'
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tester