Jenkins控制器无法连接SSH代理容器，连接被拒绝求助

我正在试用Jenkins，已成功构建流水线并对接Github，但创建Agent并与Controller连接时遇到连接被拒绝的问题。环境如下：

• Jenkins Controller部署在本地Docker容器
• Agent运行在独立Docker容器内

已完成的排查操作 #

1. 确认Agent的sshd服务正常运行：

43b3773b:/home/jenkins/.ssh# ps -ef
PID   USER     TIME  COMMAND
    1 root      0:00 sshd: /usr/sbin/sshd -D -e [listener] 0 of 10-100 startups

2. 已将Jenkins Controller的公钥添加至Agent的authorized_keys：

a81443b3773b:/home/jenkins# cat .ssh/authorized_keys 
ssh-rsa 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 jenkins@4cfbfa97f71d

3. 启动Agent的命令：

docker run -d --rm --name=agent1 -p 4444:22 -e "JENKINS_AGENT_SSH_PUBKEY=ssh-rsa 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 jenkins@4cfbfa97f71d" jenkins/ssh-agent:alpine-jdk17

4. 本地主机4444端口已开放，容器状态正常：

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                            COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                                                                                      NAMES
a81443b3773b   jenkins/ssh-agent:alpine-jdk17   "setup-sshd"             48 minutes ago   Up 41 minutes   0.0.0.0:4444->22/tcp, :::4444->22/tcp                                                      agent1
4cfbfa97f71d   jenkins/jenkins:lts              "/usr/bin/tini -- /u…"   5 days ago       Up 55 minutes   0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp, :::8080->8080/tcp, 0.0.0.0:50000->50000/tcp, :::50000->50000/tcp   brave_pascal

报错信息 #

Jenkins Agent连接日志：

SSHLauncher{host='0.0.0.0', port=4444, credentialsId='jenkins2', jvmOptions='', javaPath='', prefixStartSlaveCmd='', suffixStartSlaveCmd='', launchTimeoutSeconds=60, maxNumRetries=10, retryWaitTime=2, sshHostKeyVerificationStrategy=hudson.plugins.sshslaves.verifiers.ManuallyTrustedKeyVerificationStrategy, tcpNoDelay=true, trackCredentials=true}
[12/04/23 18:42:20] [SSH] Opening SSH connection to 0.0.0.0:4444.
Connection refused
SSH Connection failed with IOException: "Connection refused", retrying in 2 seconds. There are 10 more retries left.
Connection refused

求助点 #

怀疑是SSH服务或密钥问题，但已做基础排查仍无法解决，恳请提供进一步的排查方向或解决方案。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rgo1991