使用pnpm构建Docker容器时node_modules文件为0字节的问题

我有一个基于TypeScript的pnpm monorepo，本地开发环境运行正常。部署时尝试将服务端Docker化，遇到以下问题：镜像构建成功，node_modules文件夹显示所有依赖项，但每个文件都是0字节，Docker容器启动后退出并报错：

Error [ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND]: Cannot find package 'express' imported from /prod/server/src/main.js
  at new NodeError (node:internal/errors:399:5)
  at packageResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:794:9)
  at moduleResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:843:20)
  at defaultResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:1058:11)
  at nextResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/hooks:654:28)
  at Hooks.resolve (node:internal/modules/esm/hooks:309:30)
  at ESMLoader.resolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:312:26)
  at ESMLoader.getModuleJob (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:172:38)
  at ModuleWrap.<anonymous> (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:76:40)
  at link (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:75:36) {
  code: 'ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND'
}

我怀疑问题和pnpm deploy命令有关，因为本地按install > build > node dist/main.js的顺序手动执行命令，能正常构建并运行服务端，但尚未确定具体原因。

相关文件信息 #

由于是monorepo，参考了pnpm官方的Docker化monorepo指南。

Dockerfile #

FROM node:19-slim AS base
ARG service
ENV PNPM_HOME="/pnpm"
ENV PATH="$PNPM_HOME:$PATH"
RUN corepack enable
COPY . /usr/application

FROM base AS deps
ARG service
WORKDIR /usr/application/${service}
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=pnpm,target=/pnpm/store pnpm install --prod --frozen-lockfile

FROM base as build
ARG service
WORKDIR /usr/application/${service}
RUN --mount=type=cache,id=pnpm,target=/pnpm/store pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
RUN pnpm prisma generate
RUN pnpm run build
RUN pnpm deploy --filter=${service} --prod /prod/${service}

FROM base as server
COPY --from=deps /usr/application/${service}/node_modules /prod/${service}/node_modules
COPY --from=build /prod/${service}/dist /prod/${service}
COPY --from=build /prod/${service}/package.json /prod/${service}
WORKDIR /prod/${service}
EXPOSE 3000
CMD [ "pnpm", "run", "start:prod" ]

构建命令：

docker build -t mono-image . --file Dockerfile --build-arg="service=server"

镜像构建正常，但Docker Desktop启动容器时出现上述错误。

pnpm-workspace.yaml #

packages:
  - server
  - app
  - shared

服务端工作区package.json #

{
  "name": "server",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "engines": {
    "node": ">= 19 < 20"
  },
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "build": "./node_modules/.bin/tsc -p ./tsconfig.json",
    "start": "tsx src/main.ts",
    "start:dev": "tsx watch src/main.ts",
    "start:prod": "node src/main.js"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@types/connect-pg-simple": "^7.0.1",
    "@types/cors": "^2.8.14",
    "@types/express": "^4.17.18",
    "@types/express-session": "^1.17.8",
    "@types/node": "^18.17.4",
    "@types/passport": "^1.0.13",
    "prisma": "^5.3.1",
    "typescript": "^5.3.2"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "connect-pg-simple": "^9.0.0",
    "cors": "^2.8.5",
    "express": "^4.18.2",
    "express-session": "^1.17.3",
    "iso-3166-2": "^1.0.0",
    "node-fetch": "^3.3.2",
    "passport": "^0.6.0",
    "passport-magic-link": "^2.1.0",
    "passport-magic-login": "^1.2.2",
    "pg": "^8.11.3",
    "postmark": "3.0.0",
    "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.13",
    "shared": "workspace:^",
    "simple-xml-to-json": "^1.1.7",
    "socket.io": "^4.7.2",
    "tslib": "~2.6",
    "tsx": "^3.12.10"
  }
}

项目根目录package.json #

{
  "name": "pnpm-monorepo",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
    "start": "pnpm --stream -r start",
    "start:dev": "pnpm --stream -r run start:dev"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "app": "workspace:*",
    "server": "workspace:*"
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@prisma/client": "^5.3.1",
    "prisma": "^5.3.1",
    "typescript": "^5.0.2"
  }
}

服务端tsconfig.json #

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES6",
    "useDefineForClassFields": true,
    "lib": ["ES2020", "DOM", "DOM.Iterable"],
    "module": "Node16",
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "outDir": "dist",
    "esModuleInterop": true, // added for error related to "export module = "

    /* Bundler mode */
    // "allowImportingTsExtensions": true,
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
    // "resolveJsonModule": true,
    "moduleResolution": "Node16",
    "isolatedModules": true,
    "noEmitOnError": false,

    /* Linting */
    "strict": true,
    "noUnusedLocals": true,
    "noUnusedParameters": true,
    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true
  },
  "include": ["src", "config.ts"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "test", "dist", "**/*spec.ts"]
  // "references": [{ "path": "./tsconfig.node.json" }]
}

另外，欢迎针对2023年Express服务给出优化建议。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dan Engel