能否让System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer以非递归方式工作？

结构定义 #

public class Whole {
    public List<Node> allPossibleNodes = new List<Node>();
}

public class Node {
    public List<Node> neighbors = new List<Node>();
}

序列化实现代码 #

public class WriteTest {
    static JsonSerializerOptions options = new () {
        WriteIndented = true,
        IncludeFields = true,
        IgnoreReadOnlyProperties = true,
        DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull,
        ReferenceHandler = ReferenceHandler.Preserve,
    };

    public static void write() {
        var w = new Whole();
        Node? p = null; //previous
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            var n = new Node();
            w.allPossibleNodes.Add(n);
            if (p != null) {
                n.neighbors.Add(p);
                p.neighbors.Add(n);
            }
            p = n;
        }


        var json = JsonSerializer.Serialize(w, options);
        File.WriteAllText("test.json", json);
    }

    public static void read() {
        var json = File.ReadAllText("test2.json");
        var w = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Whole>(json, options);
    }
}

当前遇到的问题 #

• 序列化时抛出JsonException：JsonException: 'A possible object cycle was detected. This can either be due to a cycle or if the object depth is larger than the maximum allowed depth of 64.，若设置options.MaxDepth = Int.MaxValue则可能引发栈溢出；
• 生成的JSON可读性极差。

期望的JSON格式 #

{
  "$id": "1",
  "allPossibleNodes": {
    "$id": "2",
    "$values": [
      {
        "$id": "3",
        "neighbors": {
          "$id": "6",
          "$values": [
            {
                "$ref": "4"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "$id": "4",
        "neighbors": {
          "$id": "7",
          "$values": [
            {
                "$ref": "3"
            },
            {
                "$ref": "5"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "$id": "5",
        "neighbors": {
          "$id": "8",
          "$values": [
            {
                "$ref": "4"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

疑问 #

上述格式的JSON无法被反序列化，会报错'Reference '4' was not found...，请问是否有办法实现该格式的序列化与反序列化？

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pawulon