PowerShell中实现Zip压缩的精准文件/文件夹匹配需求

现有文件列表：

1. C:\Temp\src\config\1.txt
2. C:\Temp\src\logs\wowconfigls\3.txt

用户需求：在PowerShell中创建Zip压缩包时，仅包含完全匹配canweb.war文件或config文件夹下的所有内容，因此设置$itemsToInclude = "canweb.war,config"。

当前脚本错误地将3.txt纳入了压缩包，因为该文件所在的wowconfigls文件夹名称包含config子串，但用户要求的是精准匹配config文件夹，仅应包含config文件夹下的文件。

脚本代码 #

# Set the name of the zip file including the build number
$zipFileName = "C:\Temp\package-165.zip"

cd "C:\Temp"

$itemsToInclude = "canweb.war,config"

Write-Host "itemsToInclude is- $itemsToInclude"

if (-not (Test-Path $zipFileName)) {
  $null = New-Item $zipFileName -ItemType File
}
$workspace = "C:\Temp"
if ($itemsToInclude -eq '*') {
  # Include all files, including files from subdirectories
  Write-Host "Include all files, including files from subdirectories"
  Get-ChildItem -Path $workspace -Recurse -File |
    Compress-Archive -DestinationPath $zipFileName  -Update -Force
} else {
  # Include specific files as per the comma-separated list
  Write-Host 'Include specific files as per the comma-separated list'
  $pattern = $itemsToInclude.Split(',').ForEach({ [regex]::Escape($_) }) -join '|'
  Write-Host "PATTERN is: $pattern"
  $filesToInclude = Get-ChildItem $workspace -Recurse -File | Where-Object FullName -Match $pattern
  #$filesToInclude = Get-ChildItem $workspace -Recurse -File | Where-Object { $_.FullName -eq $pattern }
  #Where-Object { $_.FullName -eq $pattern }
  #Where-Object FullName -eq $pattern

  $filesToInclude | ForEach-Object {
    $newZipEntrySplat = @{
      EntryPath   = $_.FullName.Substring($workspace.Length)
      SourcePath  = $_.FullName
      Destination = $zipFileName
    }
    New-ZipEntry @newZipEntrySplat
  }
  #Compress-Archive -DestinationPath $zipFileName -Update
}

执行结果 #

itemsToInclude is- canweb.war,config
Include specific files as per the comma-separated list
PATTERN is: canweb\.war|config


   Directory: src/config/

EntryType               LastWriteTime  CompressedSize            Size EntryName                                                                                          
---------               -------------  --------------            ---- ---------                                                                                          
Archive            12/6/2023  7:43 AM         9.00  B         7.00  B 1.rtf                                                                                              
Archive            12/6/2023  7:43 AM         0.00  B         0.00  B 2.docx                                                                                             


   Directory: src/logs/wowconfigls/

EntryType               LastWriteTime  CompressedSize            Size EntryName                                                                                          
---------               -------------  --------------            ---- ---------                                                                                          
Archive            12/6/2023  7:43 AM         0.00  B         0.00  B 3.txt    

已知使用Where-Object { $_.FullName -ieq $pattern }或Where-Object { $_.FullName -ilike $pattern }可能实现精准匹配，但需对逗号分隔的匹配项逐一处理，请问如何实现该精准匹配需求？

要实现精准匹配，需分别处理文件和文件夹两种匹配场景，避免子串误匹配。核心思路是拆分匹配项后，逐个判断文件是否符合以下任一条件：

1. 文件名完全匹配目标文件（如canweb.war）
2. 文件位于精准匹配的目标文件夹（如config）或其子目录下

修改后的完整脚本 #

# Set the name of the zip file including the build number
$zipFileName = "C:\Temp\package-165.zip"

cd "C:\Temp"

$itemsToInclude = "canweb.war,config"

Write-Host "itemsToInclude is- $itemsToInclude"

if (-not (Test-Path $zipFileName)) {
  $null = New-Item $zipFileName -ItemType File
}
$workspace = "C:\Temp"
if ($itemsToInclude -eq '*') {
  # Include all files, including files from subdirectories
  Write-Host "Include all files, including files from subdirectories"
  Get-ChildItem -Path $workspace -Recurse -File |
    Compress-Archive -DestinationPath $zipFileName  -Update -Force
} else {
  # Include specific files as per the comma-separated list
  Write-Host 'Include specific files as per the comma-separated list'
  # 拆分并清理匹配项，去除多余空格
  $includeItems = $itemsToInclude.Split(',') | ForEach-Object { $_.Trim() }

  $filesToInclude = Get-ChildItem $workspace -Recurse -File | Where-Object {
      $currentFile = $_
      # 遍历每个匹配项，满足任一条件则保留该文件
      $includeItems | ForEach-Object {
          $targetItem = $_
          # 场景1：文件名完全匹配目标文件
          if ($currentFile.Name -eq $targetItem) {
              return $true
          }
          # 场景2：文件位于精准匹配的目标文件夹下
          $targetFolder = Join-Path $workspace $targetItem
          # 检查文件路径是否以目标文件夹路径开头，确保是精准目录下的内容
          if ($currentFile.FullName.StartsWith($targetFolder, [System.StringComparison]::OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
              return $true
          }
      }
      # 无匹配项则排除
      return $false
  }

  $filesToInclude | ForEach-Object {
    $newZipEntrySplat = @{
      EntryPath   = $_.FullName.Substring($workspace.Length)
      SourcePath  = $_.FullName
      Destination = $zipFileName
    }
    New-ZipEntry @newZipEntrySplat
  }
}

关键说明 #

• 使用Join-Path构造目标文件夹路径，避免手动拼接路径时的分隔符错误
• 通过StartsWith判断文件是否在目标文件夹或其子目录下，彻底避免名称包含config的其他文件夹被误匹配
• 文件名匹配使用精准的-eq运算符，确保只有完全同名的文件被纳入

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ashar