Azure Python库对应AWS Boto3：Python创建Azure VM替代EC2相关问询

核心结论 #

仅靠 azure-mgmt-resource 搞不定带完整网络配置的VM创建。这个库只管资源组和通用资源的基础操作，要创建VM得用 azure-mgmt-compute 库，而虚拟网络、子网、公共IP这些网络配置，还得靠 azure-mgmt-network 来实现。

要装的依赖包 #

得装这几个核心库：

pip install azure-mgmt-resource azure-mgmt-compute azure-mgmt-network azure-identity

其中 azure-identity 是用来做身份验证的，比如用Azure CLI的凭据或者服务主体都行。

完整示例代码（带网络配置） #

下面是对应EC2创建流程的Azure VM代码，从资源组、网络资源到VM实例一步到位：

from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
from azure.mgmt.resource import ResourceManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.network import NetworkManagementClient
from azure.mgmt.compute import ComputeManagementClient

# 替换成你的配置参数
SUBSCRIPTION_ID = "*你的订阅ID*"
RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME = "test-rg"
LOCATION = "eastus"
VM_NAME = "test-vm"
VM_SIZE = "Standard_D2s_v3"
ADMIN_USERNAME = "adminuser"
ADMIN_PASSWORD = "*你的强密码（要符合Azure密码规则）*"

# 1. 初始化各个客户端
credential = DefaultAzureCredential()
resource_client = ResourceManagementClient(credential, SUBSCRIPTION_ID)
network_client = NetworkManagementClient(credential, SUBSCRIPTION_ID)
compute_client = ComputeManagementClient(credential, SUBSCRIPTION_ID)

# 2. 创建资源组
resource_client.resource_groups.create_or_update(RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME, {"location": LOCATION})

# 3. 先搞定网络资源（虚拟网络、子网、公共IP、网络接口）
# 创建虚拟网络
vnet_params = {
    "location": LOCATION,
    "address_space": {"address_prefixes": ["10.0.0.0/16"]}
}
vnet = network_client.virtual_networks.begin_create_or_update(
    RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME,
    "test-vnet",
    vnet_params
).result()

# 创建子网
subnet_params = {"address_prefix": "10.0.0.0/24"}
subnet = network_client.subnets.begin_create_or_update(
    RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME,
    "test-vnet",
    "test-subnet",
    subnet_params
).result()

# 创建公共IP
public_ip_params = {
    "location": LOCATION,
    "public_ip_allocation_method": "Dynamic"
}
public_ip = network_client.public_ip_addresses.begin_create_or_update(
    RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME,
    "test-pip",
    public_ip_params
).result()

# 创建网络接口
nic_params = {
    "location": LOCATION,
    "ip_configurations": [{
        "name": "ipconfig1",
        "subnet": {"id": subnet.id},
        "public_ip_address": {"id": public_ip.id}
    }]
}
nic = network_client.network_interfaces.begin_create_or_update(
    RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME,
    "test-nic",
    nic_params
).result()

# 4. 最后创建VM
vm_params = {
    "location": LOCATION,
    "hardware_profile": {"vm_size": VM_SIZE},
    "storage_profile": {
        "image_reference": {
            "publisher": "Canonical",
            "offer": "0001-com-ubuntu-server-jammy",
            "sku": "22_04-lts",
            "version": "latest"
        }
    },
    "os_profile": {
        "computer_name": VM_NAME,
        "admin_username": ADMIN_USERNAME,
        "admin_password": ADMIN_PASSWORD
    },
    "network_profile": {
        "network_interfaces": [{"id": nic.id}]
    }
}

vm = compute_client.virtual_machines.begin_create_or_update(
    RESOURCE_GROUP_NAME,
    VM_NAME,
    vm_params
).result()

print(f"VM {vm.name} 创建成功，ID: {vm.id}")

几点关键说明 #

• 身份验证：示例用的 DefaultAzureCredential 会自动从Azure CLI、环境变量、Visual Studio等地方拿凭据，开发环境用着方便；生产环境建议用服务主体来做身份验证。
• 网络配置：Azure VM必须绑定网络接口（NIC），而NIC得关联子网，还可以加公共IP，这些步骤都得靠 azure-mgmt-network 来完成。
• 镜像选择：示例用的是Ubuntu 22.04 LTS，要是想装Windows或者其他Linux发行版，改一下 image_reference 里的参数就行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者anjanesh