执行Bundle update rails时遭遇多Gem依赖兼容错误

环境配置 #

• Ruby版本：ruby 3.1.4p223 (2023-03-30 revision 957bb7cb81) [i386-mingw32]
• Rails版本：4.2.5
• Gem版本：3.3.26
• Bundler版本：1.16.0

错误追踪信息 #

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "actionmailer":
  In Gemfile:
    exception_notification was resolved to 4.1.0, which depends on
      actionmailer (>= 3.0.4)

    rails (= 4.2.5) was resolved to 4.2.5, which depends on
      actionmailer (= 4.2.5)

    simple_token_authentication (~> 1.0) was resolved to 1.9.1, which depends on
      actionmailer (>= 3.2.6, < 5)

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "actionpack":
  In Gemfile:
    haml-rails was resolved to 0.9.0, which depends on
      actionpack (>= 4.0.1)

    lograge was resolved to 0.3.2, which depends on
      actionpack (>= 3)

    rails (= 4.2.5) was resolved to 4.2.5, which depends on
      actionpack (= 4.2.5)

    redis-rails was resolved to 4.0.0, which depends on
      redis-actionpack (~> 4) was resolved to 4.0.0, which depends on
        actionpack (~> 4)

    simple_form was resolved to 3.1.0, which depends on
      actionpack (~> 4.0)

    simple_token_authentication (~> 1.0) was resolved to 1.9.1, which depends on
      actionpack (>= 3.2.6, < 5)

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activemodel":
  In Gemfile:
    globalize (~> 4.0.2) was resolved to 4.0.3, which depends on
      activemodel (>= 4.0.0, < 5)

    paperclip-meta was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
      paperclip (>= 3.0.2, < 5.0) was resolved to 4.2.1, which depends on
        activemodel (>= 3.0.0)

    rails (= 4.2.5) was resolved to 4.2.5, which depends on
      activemodel (= 4.2.5)

    rails-observers was resolved to 0.1.2, which depends on
      activemodel (~> 4.0)

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activerecord":
  In Gemfile:
    activerecord-import was resolved to 0.8.0, which depends on
      activerecord (>= 3.0)

    activerecord-nulldb-adapter was resolved to 0.3.8, which depends on
      activerecord (>= 2.0.0)

    activerecord-postgis-adapter was resolved to 2.2.2, which depends on
      activerecord (>= 4.0.0, < 4.2.0)

    annotate (>= 2.5.0) was resolved to 2.6.8, which depends on
      activerecord (>= 3.2, <= 4.3)

    ar-octopus was resolved to 0.8.5, which depends on
      activerecord (>= 3.2.0)

    delayed_job_active_record was resolved to 4.0.3, which depends on
      activerecord (>= 3.0, < 5.0)

    globalize (~> 4.0.2) was resolved to 4.0.3, which depends on
      activerecord (>= 4.0.0, < 5)

    rails (= 4.2.5) was resolved to 4.2.5, which depends on
      activerecord (= 4.2.5)

    activerecord-postgis-adapter was resolved to 2.2.2, which depends on
      rgeo-activerecord (~> 1.2) was resolved to 1.2.0, which depends on
        activerecord (~> 4.0)

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "activesupport":
  In Gemfile:
    ar-octopus was resolved to 0.8.5, which depends on
      activesupport (>= 3.2.0)

    exception_notification was resolved to 4.1.0, which depends on
      activesupport (>= 3.0.4)

    haml-rails was resolved to 0.9.0, which depends on
      activesupport (>= 4.0.1)

    jbuilder was resolved to 2.2.16, which depends on
      activesupport (>= 3.0.0, < 5)

    lograge was resolved to 0.3.2, which depends on
      activesupport (>= 3)

    rails (= 4.2.5) was resolved to 4.2.5, which depends on
      activesupport (= 4.2.5)

    redis-rails was resolved to 4.0.0, which depends on
      redis-activesupport (~> 4) was resolved to 4.0.0, which depends on
        activesupport (~> 4)

Bundler could not find compatible versions for gem "json":
  In Gemfile:
    aws-sdk (= 1.51.0) was resolved to 1.51.0, which depends on
      json (~> 1.4)

    capybara-webkit was resolved to 1.5.1, which depends on
      json

    httparty was resolved to 0.13.5, which depends on
      json (~> 1.8)

    raddocs was resolved to 0.4.0, which depends on
      json (~> 1.8, >= 1.8.1)

    rspec_api_documentation (~> 4.1.0) was resolved to 4.1.0, which depends on
      json (~> 1.4, >= 1.4.6)

    uglifier was resolved to 2.7.1, which depends on
      json (>= 1.8.0)

已尝试的解决方法（均未成功） #

• 手动修改Gemfile中部分Gem版本，错误仍存在
• 执行bundle update时，命令行陷入无限输出状态
• 删除gemfile.lock后执行bundle update，出现Bundler版本不兼容错误：本地安装的是2.3.x版本，原gemfile.lock指定的是1.16.0版本

解决方案 #

1. 解决核心的activerecord依赖冲突 #

错误日志中最关键的冲突是activerecord-postgis-adapter 2.2.2仅支持activerecord <4.2.0，但Rails 4.2.5要求activerecord =4.2.5。需要升级该gem到支持Rails 4.2.x的版本：
在Gemfile中修改：

gem 'activerecord-postgis-adapter', '~> 2.3.0'

2.3.x系列的该gem明确支持Rails 4.2版本。

2. 解决json依赖冲突 #

aws-sdk 1.51.0依赖json ~>1.4，但uglifier、httparty等要求json >=1.8.0。可以采取两种方式：

• 方式一：升级aws-sdk到1.x系列中兼容json 1.8的版本，比如1.67.0：

  gem 'aws-sdk', '~> 1.67.0'
  

• 方式二：锁定json版本为1.8.6，这个版本同时满足所有依赖的要求：

  gem 'json', '1.8.6'
  

3. 解决Bundler版本不兼容问题 #

由于项目原本使用Bundler 1.16.0，本地安装的2.3.x版本与老版本配置不兼容，建议使用项目指定的版本执行命令：

# 安装指定版本的Bundler
gem install bundler -v 1.16.0
# 使用该版本执行安装
bundle _1.16.0_ install

如果后续需要升级Bundler，需确保所有gem兼容Bundler 2.x，但对于老项目优先使用原指定版本避免额外问题。

4. 验证其他依赖 #

• globalize (~>4.0.2)的4.0.3版本兼容Rails 4.2.5，无需修改
• simple_token_authentication (~>1.0)的1.9.1版本兼容Rails <5，无需修改
• 其他如haml-rails、lograge等gem的版本均兼容Rails 4.2.5，冲突是由核心依赖连锁导致的，解决上述问题后这些冲突会自动消失。

执行完上述修改后，执行bundle _1.16.0_ install即可完成依赖安装。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Brown Rice