升级Android Studio与Gradle插件后出现android.support.test包不存在错误

将Android Studio升级至2023.1.1版本，Gradle插件升级至8.2.0版本，同时将一款搁置1.5年的Android App的目标SDK从29修改为33。此前代码编译无警告，现在编译时出现大量package not exist错误。

错误信息 #

D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:4: error: package android.support.test does not exist
import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
                           ^
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:5: error: package android.support.test.runner does not exist
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
                                  ^
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:7: error: package org.junit does not exist
import org.junit.Test;
                ^
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:8: error: package org.junit.runner does not exist
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
                       ^
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:10: error: package org.junit does not exist
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
                       ^
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:17: error: cannot find symbol
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
 ^
  symbol: class RunWith
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:17: error: cannot find symbol
@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
         ^
  symbol: class AndroidJUnit4
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:19: error: cannot find symbol
    @Test
     ^
  symbol:   class Test
  location: class ExampleInstrumentedTest
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:22: error: cannot find symbol
        Context appContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext();
                             ^
  symbol:   variable InstrumentationRegistry
  location: class ExampleInstrumentedTest
D:\work_area\android_projects\BubblesInLine\app\src\androidTest\java\ro\notnull\bubblesinline\ExampleInstrumentedTest.java:24: error: cannot find symbol
        assertEquals("ro.notnull.bubblesinline", appContext.getPackageName());
        ^
  symbol:   method assertEquals(String,String)
  location: class ExampleInstrumentedTest

当前build.gradle内容 #

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'

android {
    signingConfigs {
        config {
            keyAlias '********'
            keyPassword '********'
            storeFile file('D:/work_area/android/apps/keys_store/free_apps/android_free_apps.jks')
            storePassword '********'
        }
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "ro.notnull.bubblesinline"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 33
        compileSdk 33
        versionCode 11
        versionName "1.7.2"
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            debuggable false
            signingConfig signingConfigs.config
            shrinkResources true
        }
        debug {
            //buildConfigField("String", "BUILD_TIME", "\"0\"")
            debuggable true
        }
    }

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    namespace 'ro.notnull.bubblesinline'

}

dependencies {
    implementation fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')

    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    implementation "androidx.gridlayout:gridlayout:1.0.0"
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'

    implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:22.5.0'
    implementation 'androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0'
    implementation 'androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.3.2'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'

}

解决方案 #

问题根源是androidTest目录下的Instrumented测试代码缺少对应依赖，你添加的testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'仅适用于本地单元测试（test目录），而非设备上运行的Instrumented测试。同时旧的android.support.test包已被AndroidX替代，需要同步替换导入和依赖。

1. 补充Instrumented测试依赖 #

在dependencies块中添加以下内容：

androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'

2. 更新测试类的导入语句 #

修改ExampleInstrumentedTest.java中的旧导入：

import android.support.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
import android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;

替换为AndroidX版本的导入：

import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry;
import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4;

3. 同步并重新编译 #

点击Android Studio顶部的「Sync Project with Gradle Files」按钮，等待同步完成后重新编译项目即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Marcel Preda