在HP Pavilion 510-p051a的Ubuntu Server22.04中用Netplan配置WiFi静态IP

环境信息 #

• 设备：HP Pavilion Desktop 510-p051a
• 系统：Ubuntu Server 22.04
• 网络接口：enp2s0（以太网，未连接）、wlp3s0（WiFi，当前DHCP获取IP）、lo（回环）

ip a输出信息 #

$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp2s0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether c8:d3:ff:35:f1:5f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 58:00:e3:62:b0:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.25/24 metric 600 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic wlp3s0
       valid_lft 3439sec preferred_lft 3439sec
    inet6 2406:2d40:400a:410::c7c/128 scope global dynamic noprefixroute
       valid_lft 1011sec preferred_lft 411sec
    inet6 fd2e:9b4:7dc7:10::c7c/128 scope global noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fd2e:9b4:7dc7:10:5a00:e3ff:fe62:b097/64 scope global mngtmpaddr noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 2406:2d40:400a:410:5a00:e3ff:fe62:b097/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr noprefixroute
       valid_lft 1011sec preferred_lft 411sec
    inet6 fe80::5a00:e3ff:fe62:b097/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

现有Netplan配置 #

/etc/netplan目录下存在两个安装程序生成的配置文件：

00-installer-config.yaml #

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    enp2s0:
      dhcp4: true
  version: 2

00-installer-config-wifi.yaml #

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  version: 2
  wifis:
    wlp3s0:
      access-points:
        MY-WIFI:
          password: MyPassword
      dhcp4: true

之前尝试的错误配置（均失败） #

1. 仅修改WiFi配置文件（缺失WiFi接入点信息）

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  wifis:
    wlp3s0:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.25/24
      gateway4: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1]

2. 合并配置时的语法错误（接口名写错、缩进错误）

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp3s0:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.25/24
  wifis:
    wlp3s0:
    dhcp4: no
    dhcp6: no
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.25/24
      nameservers:
        addresses: [1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1]
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.1.1

3. 错误归类WiFi接口为以太网

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    wlp3s0:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.25/24
      gateway4: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1]

注：使用gateway4会触发警告，Ubuntu 22.04推荐用routes配置默认网关

正确的Netplan配置方案 #

步骤1：清理冗余配置 #

删除00-installer-config-wifi.yaml，仅保留00-installer-config.yaml，避免多配置文件冲突。

步骤2：编写正确的静态IP配置 #

编辑/etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml：

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    enp2s0:
      dhcp4: false  # 禁用未使用的以太网接口DHCP
      optional: true  # 避免系统启动时等待该接口
  wifis:
    wlp3s0:
      access-points:
        "MY-WIFI":  # WiFi名称带特殊字符需加引号，保持与原配置一致
          password: "MyPassword"
      dhcp4: false
      dhcp6: false  # 不需要IPv6可禁用
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.25/24  # 静态IP及子网掩码
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.1.1  # 默认网关，替代gateway4
      nameservers:
        addresses: [1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1]  # DNS服务器地址

步骤3：应用配置并验证 #

1. 测试配置（若出错会自动回滚）：

sudo netplan try

2. 确认无误后应用配置：

sudo netplan apply

3. 验证静态IP是否生效：

ip a show wlp3s0

4. 测试网络连通性：

ping -c 4 192.168.1.1
ping -c 4 google.com

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Billy J