如何实现动画导航栏响应式？窄屏时切换为垂直布局

问题描述 #

我有一个带动画效果的导航栏，希望在窄屏设备上从水平布局切换为垂直布局。尝试设置媒体查询并将float设为none后，未达到预期效果。现有代码如下：

原HTML代码 #

<nav>
  <a href="home.html">Home</a>
  <a href="about.html">About Us</a>
  <a href="products.html">Products</a>
  <a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>
  <div class="animation start-home"></div>
</nav>

原CSS代码 #

nav {
  margin: 27px auto 0;
  position: relative;
  width: 495px;
  height: 50px;
  background-color: #7dabd9;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0;
}

nav a {
  line-height: 50px;
  height: 100%;
  font-size: 15px;
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-align: center;
  color: white;
  cursor: pointer;
}

nav .animation {
  position: absolute;
  height: 100%;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  transition: all .5s ease 0s;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

a:nth-child(1) {
  width: 100px;
}

a:nth-child(2) {
  width: 110px;
}

a:nth-child(3) {
  width: 100px;
}

a:nth-child(4) {
  width: 160px;
}

a:nth-child(5) {
  width: 120px;
}

nav .start-home,
a:nth-child(1):hover~.animation {
  width: 100px;
  left: 0;
  background-color: #1abc9c;
}

nav .start-about,
a:nth-child(2):hover~.animation {
  width: 110px;
  left: 100px;
  background-color: #e74c3c;
}

nav .start-blog,
a:nth-child(3):hover~.animation {
  width: 100px;
  left: 210px;
  background-color: #3498db;
}

nav .start-portefolio,
a:nth-child(4):hover~.animation {
  width: 160px;
  left: 310px;
  background-color: #9b59b6;
}

nav .start-contact,
a:nth-child(5):hover~.animation {
  width: 120px;
  left: 470px;
  background-color: #e67e22;
}

main {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  color: black;
  background-color: #7dabd9;
  float: none;
  width: 100vw;
  clear: both;
}

aside {
  float: none;
  width: 100vw;
}

@media screen and (min-width:500px) and (max-width:799px) {
  header,
  footer {
    width: 100vw;
  }
  
  main {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    color: black;
    background-color: #7dabd9;
    float: none;
    width: 100vw;
    clear: both;
  }
  
  aside {
    display: none;
    float: none;
    width: 100vw;
  }
  
  @media screen and (min-width:50px) and (max-width:499px) {
    header,
    footer {
      width: 100vw;
    }
    main {
      box-sizing: border-box;
      color: black;
      background-color: #7dabd9;
      float: none;
      width: 90vw;
      clear: both;
    }
    aside {
      display: none;
      float: none;
      width: 90vw;
    }
  }

修改后的完整代码 #

HTML（无需修改） #

<nav>
  <a href="home.html">Home</a>
  <a href="about.html">About Us</a>
  <a href="products.html">Products</a>
  <a href="contact.html">Contact Us</a>
  <div class="animation start-home"></div>
</nav>

CSS #

nav {
  margin: 27px auto 0;
  position: relative;
  width: 495px;
  height: 50px;
  background-color: #7dabd9;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-size: 0;
}

nav a {
  line-height: 50px;
  height: 100%;
  font-size: 15px;
  display: inline-block;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-align: center;
  color: white;
  cursor: pointer;
}

nav .animation {
  position: absolute;
  height: 100%;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  transition: all .5s ease 0s;
  border-radius: 8px;
}

a:nth-child(1) {
  width: 100px;
}

a:nth-child(2) {
  width: 110px;
}

a:nth-child(3) {
  width: 100px;
}

a:nth-child(4) {
  width: 160px;
}

nav .start-home,
a:nth-child(1):hover~.animation {
  width: 100px;
  left: 0;
  background-color: #1abc9c;
}

nav .start-about,
a:nth-child(2):hover~.animation {
  width: 110px;
  left: 100px;
  background-color: #e74c3c;
}

nav .start-blog,
a:nth-child(3):hover~.animation {
  width: 100px;
  left: 210px;
  background-color: #3498db;
}

nav .start-portefolio,
a:nth-child(4):hover~.animation {
  width: 160px;
  left: 310px;
  background-color: #9b59b6;
}

main {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  color: black;
  background-color: #7dabd9;
  float: none;
  width: 100vw;
  clear: both;
}

aside {
  float: none;
  width: 100vw;
}

/* 修复媒体查询嵌套问题，并添加导航栏垂直布局样式 */
@media screen and (min-width:500px) and (max-width:799px) {
  header,
  footer {
    width: 100vw;
  }
  
  main {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    color: black;
    background-color: #7dabd9;
    float: none;
    width: 100vw;
    clear: both;
  }
  
  aside {
    display: none;
    float: none;
    width: 100vw;
  }
}

@media screen and (max-width:499px) {
  header,
  footer {
    width: 100vw;
  }
  
  main {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    color: black;
    background-color: #7dabd9;
    float: none;
    width: 90vw;
    clear: both;
  }
  
  aside {
    display: none;
    float: none;
    width: 90vw;
  }
  
  /* 导航栏垂直布局核心修改 */
  nav {
    width: 90vw;
    height: auto;
    font-size: 15px;
  }
  
  nav a {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 50px;
  }
  
  /* 重置每个链接的单独宽度 */
  a:nth-child(1),
  a:nth-child(2),
  a:nth-child(3),
  a:nth-child(4) {
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  /* 调整动画元素的定位方式 */
  nav .animation {
    width: 100%;
    height: 50px;
    left: 0;
  }
  
  nav .start-home,
  a:nth-child(1):hover~.animation {
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  nav .start-about,
  a:nth-child(2):hover~.animation {
    top: 50px;
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  nav .start-blog,
  a:nth-child(3):hover~.animation {
    top: 100px;
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  nav .start-portefolio,
  a:nth-child(4):hover~.animation {
    top: 150px;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

关键修改说明 #

1. 修复媒体查询嵌套错误：原代码将小屏媒体查询嵌套在中屏查询内，导致样式无法生效，已拆分为独立的媒体查询。
2. 导航容器自适应：窄屏时将nav的固定宽度改为90vw，高度设为auto以适应垂直布局的高度。
3. 链接布局改为垂直：将nav a的display从inline-block改为block，并设置width:100%，让每个链接单独占一行。
4. 动画元素适配垂直布局：将动画元素的宽度改为100%，高度固定为单个链接的高度（50px），并将定位方式从left改为top，根据链接位置设置对应的top值。
5. 重置链接单独宽度：取消窄屏下每个链接的固定宽度设置，统一为100%。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user3076395