PyCharm中无法安装contextily模块的问题求助

问题重现 #

运行NetworkX地理空间示例代码：

from libpysal import weights, examples
from contextily import add_basemap
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import networkx as nx
import numpy as np
import geopandas

cases = geopandas.read_file("cholera_cases.gpkg")

coordinates = np.column_stack((cases.geometry.x, cases.geometry.y))

knn3 = weights.KNN.from_dataframe(cases, k=3)

dist = weights.DistanceBand.from_array(coordinates, threshold=50)

knn_graph = knn3.to_networkx()
dist_graph = dist.to_networkx()

positions = dict(zip(knn_graph.nodes, coordinates))

f, ax = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(8, 4))
for i, facet in enumerate(ax):
    cases.plot(marker=".", color="orangered", ax=facet)
    add_basemap(facet)
    facet.set_title(("KNN-3", "50-meter Distance Band")[i])
    facet.axis("off")
nx.draw(knn_graph, positions, ax=ax[0], node_size=5, node_color="b")
nx.draw(dist_graph, positions, ax=ax[1], node_size=5, node_color="b")
plt.show()

首次运行报错：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "...my.path...", line 14, in <module>
    from contextily import add_basemap
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'contextily'

执行pip install contextily时触发依赖安装错误：

...
Collecting rasterio
  Using cached rasterio-1.2.10.tar.gz (2.3 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [2 lines of output]
      INFO:root:Building on Windows requires extra options to setup.py to locate needed GDAL files. More information is available in the README.
      ERROR: A GDAL API version must be specified. Provide a path to gdal-config using a GDAL_CONFIG environment variable or use a GDAL_VERSION environment variable.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

解决方案 #

方法1：用conda安装（推荐，Windows环境最省心） #

Windows下pip编译GDAL依赖容易出问题，conda提供预编译的二进制包，直接执行：

1. 打开PyCharm终端或Anaconda Prompt，激活你的Python环境
2. 运行命令：

conda install -c conda-forge contextily

该命令会自动安装contextily及其所有依赖（包括GDAL、rasterio等），无需手动处理编译问题。

方法2：安装预编译的whl包 #

如果不想用conda，可以下载对应Python版本和系统位数的预编译whl文件：

1. 下载GDAL和rasterio的whl文件（匹配你的Python版本和Windows位数）
2. 先安装GDAL：

pip install GDAL-<版本号>-cp<Python版本>-cp<Python版本>-win_amd64.whl

3. 再安装rasterio：

pip install rasterio-<版本号>-cp<Python版本>-cp<Python版本>-win_amd64.whl

4. 最后安装contextily：

pip install contextily

方法3：临时跳过底图功能（快速验证代码） #

如果只是想测试NetworkX的图生成逻辑，不需要底图，可以修改代码：

• 注释掉from contextily import add_basemap
• 注释掉循环里的add_basemap(facet)
  修改后的代码可以正常运行，跳过contextily的依赖。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者hellomynameisA