Android 13下使用SmsManager发送SMS失败问题求助

1. 补全动态权限申请 #

Android 6.0（API 23）及以上版本，SEND_SMS属于危险权限，仅在清单里声明没用，必须在运行时主动申请：

// 检查权限状态
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS)
        != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
            new String[]{Manifest.permission.SEND_SMS},
            100);
}

// 处理权限申请结果
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
    if (requestCode == 100) {
        if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            // 权限通过，执行发送
            sendSms(yourBodyContent, targetPhoneNumber);
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "需要开启短信发送权限才能继续", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

2. 替换硬编码的SIM卡订阅ID #

别直接写0或1，先获取当前激活的SIM卡ID，避免选到未启用的卡：

private int getActiveSimId() {
    TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
    if (telephonyManager != null && telephonyManager.getPhoneCount() > 0) {
        List<SubscriptionInfo> simList = telephonyManager.getSubscriptionInfoList();
        if (simList != null) {
            for (SubscriptionInfo info : simList) {
                if (info.getSubscriptionId() != SubscriptionManager.INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID) {
                    return info.getSubscriptionId();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return 0; // 无有效SIM时返回默认值
}

修改发送函数，同时添加状态监听的PendingIntent，明确失败原因：

private void sendSms(String body, String ph) {
    int activeSimId = getActiveSimId();
    SmsManager smsManager = getApplicationContext().getSystemService(SmsManager.class)
            .createForSubscriptionId(activeSimId);
    ArrayList<String> parts = smsManager.divideMessage(body);
    
    // 准备发送状态监听的PendingIntent
    ArrayList<PendingIntent> sentIntents = new ArrayList<>();
    Intent sentIntent = new Intent("SMS_SENT_ACTION");
    PendingIntent sentPI = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(this, 0, sentIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT | PendingIntent.FLAG_IMMUTABLE);
    for (int i = 0; i < parts.size(); i++) {
        sentIntents.add(sentPI);
    }
    
    smsManager.sendMultipartTextMessage(ph, null, parts, sentIntents, null);
}

注册广播接收器获取具体错误：

private BroadcastReceiver smsSentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        switch (getResultCode()) {
            case Activity.RESULT_OK:
                Toast.makeText(context, "短信发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_GENERIC_FAILURE:
                Toast.makeText(context, "发送失败：通用错误", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE:
                Toast.makeText(context, "发送失败：当前无信号", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NULL_PDU:
                Toast.makeText(context, "发送失败：PDU数据为空", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
            case SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_RADIO_OFF:
                Toast.makeText(context, "发送失败：无线电已关闭", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                break;
        }
    }
};

// 在Activity的onCreate里注册
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    registerReceiver(smsSentReceiver, new IntentFilter("SMS_SENT_ACTION"));
}

// 在onDestroy里注销，避免内存泄漏
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    unregisterReceiver(smsSentReceiver);
}

3. 检查短信中心号码 #

部分设备需要指定正确的短信中心号码才能发送，你可以在sendMultipartTextMessage的第二个参数位置填入运营商提供的短信中心号码，或者先检查系统自带短信APP里的中心号码是否正常。

4. 排查运营商频率限制 #

一开始能发后来发不了，大概率是运营商触发了短信发送频率限制，试试拉长发送间隔，或者直接联系运营商确认是否有相关管控规则。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Babu James