Docker环境下Nginx多Location配置问题：路径跳转异常

我通过Docker Compose搭建了包含MySQL数据库、WordPress-FPM、Nginx的架构，用于部署Angular单页应用和WordPress博客功能。预期访问域名根路径显示Angular应用，访问domain_name/wptest路径显示WordPress，但实际访问http://server_address:8085/wptest时，会被重定向到不带端口的http://server_address/wptest，进而出现404错误。单独运行各应用时功能正常。

以下是相关输出和配置文件：

curl 输出 #

C:\Users\Lacwik>curl -v http://{server_address}:8085/wptest
*   Trying {server_address}:8085...
* Connected to {server_address} ({server_address}) port 8085
> GET /wptest HTTP/1.1
> Host: {server_address}:8085
> User-Agent: curl/8.4.0
> Accept: */*
>
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Server: nginx/1.25.3
< Date: Fri, 15 Dec 2023 11:41:36 GMT
< Content-Type: text/html
< Content-Length: 169
< Location: http://{server_address}/wptest/
< Connection: keep-alive
<
<html>
<head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.25.3</center>
</body>
</html>
* Connection #0 to host {server_address} left intact

docker-compose.yaml #

version: "3.7"
services: 

  db:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name: db-mysql
    volumes:
      - ./persistence/db_data:/var/lib/mysql
    networks:
      - bridge_network
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "${MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD}"
      MYSQL_DATABASE: "${MYSQL_DATABASE}"
      MYSQL_USER: "${MYSQL_USER}"
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: "${MYSQL_PASSWORD}"
    
  
  wordpress-fpm:
    image: wordpress:5-php7.4-fpm
    container_name: wp-fpm
    depends_on: 
      - db
    volumes:
      - ./persistence/wp_files:/var/www/html
    networks:
      - bridge_network
    environment:
      WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: "${WORDPRESS_DB_HOST}"
      WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: "${WORDPRESS_DB_NAME}"
      WORDPRESS_DB_USER: "${WORDPRESS_DB_USER}"
      WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: "${WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD}"
    
  
  nginx:
    image: nginx
    container_name: nginx
    depends_on: 
      - wordpress-fpm
    ports:
      - 8085:80
    volumes:
      - ./persistence/nginx_conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d
      - ./persistence/wp_files:/var/www/html
      - ../frontend/dist:/var/www/frontend
    networks:
      - bridge_network

volumes: 
  db_data:
  wp_files:
  nginx_conf:


networks:
  bridge_network:
    driver: bridge

nginx.conf #

server {

    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

        # Serve Angular App
        location / {
            root /var/www/frontend/site;
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
        }

        # Proxy requests to /wptest to wordpress-fpm
        location ^~ /wptest {
            alias /var/www/html;
            try_files $uri $uri/ /wptest/index.php$is_args$args;
            
            location ~ \.php$ {
                include fastcgi_params;
                fastcgi_pass wordpress-fpm:9000;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
                fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
                fastcgi_index index.php;
            }

            error_log /var/log/nginx/wptest_error.log;
            access_log /var/log/nginx/wptest_access.log;
        }


}

问题原因 #

1. WordPress重定向逻辑缺失端口信息：重定向是WordPress内部生成的，它无法感知外部访问使用的8085端口，因此生成的Location头不包含端口，导致跳转后地址无效。
2. Nginx未传递关键参数：当前Nginx配置没有向WordPress-FPM传递包含端口的Host头及其他代理相关参数，导致WordPress无法正确识别外部访问地址。
3. 路径匹配歧义：location ^~ /wptest和alias /var/www/html的组合缺少末尾斜杠，可能引发路径解析不一致，间接触发WordPress的目录重定向逻辑。

解决办法 #

1. 调整Nginx配置 #

修改nginx.conf，补充必要参数并修正路径匹配：

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    # Serve Angular App
    location / {
        root /var/www/frontend/site;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }

    # Proxy requests to /wptest to wordpress-fpm
    location ^~ /wptest/ {
        alias /var/www/html/;
        try_files $uri $uri/ /wptest/index.php$is_args$args;
        
        location ~ \.php$ {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass wordpress-fpm:9000;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            # 传递包含端口的Host信息给WordPress
            fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $host:$server_port;
            fastcgi_param HTTPS $https if_not_empty;
            fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port;
        }

        error_log /var/log/nginx/wptest_error.log;
        access_log /var/log/nginx/wptest_access.log;
    }
}

• 将location ^~ /wptest改为location ^~ /wptest/，同时alias末尾添加斜杠，确保路径解析一致
• 添加fastcgi_param HTTP_HOST $host:$server_port，让WordPress获取到正确的外部访问端口，生成带端口的重定向URL
• 传递HTTPS和SERVER_PORT参数，确保WordPress站点URL配置的准确性

2. 修正WordPress站点URL #

如果Nginx配置调整后仍存在问题，需手动更新WordPress的站点URL：

方法1：通过MySQL命令行修改

1. 进入MySQL容器：

docker exec -it db-mysql mysql -u root -p

2. 切换到WordPress数据库：

USE ${MYSQL_DATABASE};

3. 更新站点URL和首页URL：

UPDATE wp_options SET option_value = 'http://{server_address}:8085/wptest' WHERE option_name = 'siteurl';
UPDATE wp_options SET option_value = 'http://{server_address}:8085/wptest' WHERE option_name = 'home';

方法2：通过WordPress后台修改（可访问时）

进入WordPress后台→设置→常规，将"WordPress地址(URL)"和"站点地址(URL)"修改为http://{server_address}:8085/wptest

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lacwik