ECS混合部署Dagster Cloud容器报错：dagster可执行文件未找到

尝试在Dagster Cloud的ECS混合部署模型中创建容器，已成功推送容器至Dagster，但持续出现以下错误：

dagster_cloud.workspace.ecs.client.EcsServiceError: ECS service failed because task arn:aws:ecs:ap-northeast-1:*****:task/Dagster-Cloud-my-cluster-Cluster/1d151e6d40b44588a4ed4446a949d44a failed: CannotStartContainerError: ResourceInitializationError: failed to create new container runtime task: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "dagster": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown

Task logs:
runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "dagster": executable file not found in $PATH

For more information about the failure, check the ECS console for logs for task arn:aws:ecs:ap-northeast-1:*****:task/Dagster-Cloud-my-cluster-Cluster/1d151e6d40b44588a4ed4446a949d44a in cluster Dagster-Cloud-my-cluster-Cluster.
  File "/dagster-cloud/dagster_cloud/workspace/user_code_launcher/user_code_launcher.py", line 1304, in _reconcile
    self._wait_for_new_server_ready(
  File "/dagster-cloud/dagster_cloud/workspace/ecs/launcher.py", line 458, in _wait_for_new_server_ready
    task_arn = self.client.wait_for_new_service(
  File "/dagster-cloud/dagster_cloud/workspace/ecs/client.py", line 491, in wait_for_new_service
    return self.check_service_has_running_task(
  File "/dagster-cloud/dagster_cloud/workspace/ecs/client.py", line 607, in check_service_has_running_task
    self._raise_failed_task(task, container_name, logger)
  File "/dagster-cloud/dagster_cloud/workspace/ecs/client.py", line 526, in _raise_failed_task
    raise EcsServiceError(

Docker容器配置如下：

###############################################################################
# Base container
###############################################################################
FROM python:3.11 AS base

# Define the environment variables necessary to work with poetry
ENV POETRY_VERSION=1.5.1 \
  POETRY_HOME="/opt/poetry" \
  POETRY_VIRTUALENVS_IN_PROJECT=true \
  POETRY_NO_INTERACTION=1

# Add the poetry bin to our path
ENV PATH="$POETRY_HOME/bin:$PATH"

###############################################################################
# Poetry installer container
###############################################################################
FROM base AS installer

# Install poetry
RUN curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 -

###############################################################################
# Container that actually builds the application
###############################################################################
FROM base AS builder

# Copy the poetry files from the poetry installer to this container
COPY --from=installer $POETRY_HOME $POETRY_HOME

# Describe the environment variables necessary to install our dependencies
ENV PYTHONFAULTHANDLER=1 \
  PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
  PYTHONHASHSEED=random \
  PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=off \
  PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=on \
  PIP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT=100

# Set the working directory to one we can install to easily
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the poetry.lock and pyproject.toml files first to ensure that dependencies
# are only installed when they're updated
COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml /app/

# Copy in our SSH key so we can retrieve the shared GitHub repo
RUN mkdir -p -m 0700 ~/.ssh && ssh-keyscan github.com >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

# Install our project dependencies
RUN --mount=type=ssh poetry install --only dagster --no-ansi --no-root

# Build the project
COPY . /app/
RUN poetry build

###############################################################################
# Create a runtime environment that's much smaller
###############################################################################
FROM python:3.11-alpine AS runtime

# Set the working directory to where Dagster will look for the application
WORKDIR /opt/dagster/app

# Copy the project wheel file
COPY --from=builder /app/dist/*.whl /

# Install the wheel file using pip and then install dagster and dagster-cloud
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir /*.whl \
  && rm -rf /*.whl

包的pyproject.toml依赖项：

[tool.poetry.group.dagster.dependencies]
dagster = "^1.5.9"
dagster-aws = "^0.21.9"
pendulum = "^2.1.2"
pandas = "^2.1.3"
openpyxl = "^3.1.2"
dagster-cloud = "^1.5.12"

按配置dagster和dagster-cloud应已安装，但未生效，求排查问题。

核心问题是构建流程中Dagster依赖未被正确打包到最终镜像，具体原因和修复步骤如下：

1. Poetry组依赖未被包含进Wheel包 #

你的dagster相关依赖放在了Poetry的dagster组下，而Poetry默认不会将组依赖添加到Wheel包的install_requires声明中。这导致在runtime阶段安装Wheel时，pip只会安装项目本身，不会自动拉取dagster、dagster-cloud等依赖，最终容器中没有dagster可执行文件。

修复方式（二选一）： #

• 方式一：将组依赖移到主依赖区
  修改pyproject.toml，把dagster组的依赖移到[tool.poetry.dependencies]下：

  [tool.poetry.dependencies]
  python = "^3.11"
  dagster = "^1.5.9"
  dagster-aws = "^0.21.9"
  pendulum = "^2.1.2"
  pandas = "^2.1.3"
  openpyxl = "^3.1.2"
  dagster-cloud = "^1.5.12"
  

• 方式二：配置组依赖被包含进Wheel
  保留组结构，但添加配置让Poetry将组依赖打包进Wheel：

  [tool.poetry.group.dagster]
  optional = false
  include = ["*"]
  
  [tool.poetry.group.dagster.dependencies]
  dagster = "^1.5.9"
  dagster-aws = "^0.21.9"
  pendulum = "^2.1.2"
  pandas = "^2.1.3"
  openpyxl = "^3.1.2"
  dagster-cloud = "^1.5.12"
  

2. 改用虚拟环境复制的构建方式（更可靠） #

如果不想调整依赖结构，可以直接将builder阶段的虚拟环境复制到runtime镜像，确保所有依赖完整保留：

# 替换原runtime阶段代码
FROM python:3.11-alpine AS runtime

WORKDIR /opt/dagster/app

# 复制builder阶段的虚拟环境
COPY --from=builder /app/.venv /app/.venv

# 将虚拟环境的bin目录加入系统PATH
ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"

# 复制项目代码
COPY --from=builder /app /opt/dagster/app

3. 验证可执行文件路径 #

可以在runtime阶段添加调试命令，确认dagster是否安装且在PATH中：

RUN echo $PATH && ls -la /usr/local/bin/dagster || ls -la /app/.venv/bin/dagster

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Woody1193