Spring Boot 3.1.6升级部署失败：求兼容Java/Tomcat版本及解决方案

• 在Docker环境中运行Tomcat:10.1-jdk17-corretto镜像，搭配Spring Boot 3.0.5时部署运行完全正常。
• 将Spring Boot版本升级至3.1.6后，WAR包部署到Tomcat时出现启动失败问题。
• 推测原因可能是Spring Boot 3.1.6与当前Tomcat版本存在兼容性差异，且Docker Hub暂未提供更新版本的Tomcat JDK17 Corretto官方镜像。

• Java版本：Spring Boot 3.1.x支持Java 17、19、20（Java 17为LTS版本，官方推荐），你的Java 17版本符合要求，可排除Java版本不兼容问题。
• Tomcat版本：Spring Boot 3.1.x默认集成的Tomcat版本为10.1.16+，你当前使用的Tomcat:10.1-jdk17-corretto大概率是10.1系列的较早版本，API或配置上的差异是导致部署失败的核心原因。

方案1：自定义构建兼容的Tomcat Corretto镜像 #

手动构建新版Tomcat+Corretto 17镜像，步骤如下：

1. 创建Dockerfile：

FROM amazoncorretto:17-alpine
ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/tomcat
ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
RUN mkdir -p "$CATALINA_HOME"
WORKDIR $CATALINA_HOME

# 下载解压Tomcat 10.1.18（可替换为10.1.16+的任意稳定版本）
RUN wget -O tomcat.tar.gz https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-10/v10.1.18/bin/apache-tomcat-10.1.18.tar.gz \
    && tar -xvf tomcat.tar.gz --strip-components=1 \
    && rm tomcat.tar.gz \
    && rm -rf webapps/examples webapps/docs

EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]

2. 构建镜像：

docker build -t tomcat:10.1.18-jdk17-corretto .

3. 使用该镜像部署Spring Boot 3.1.6的WAR包。

方案2：调整Spring Boot配置适配现有Tomcat #

1. 在Maven项目的pom.xml中排除内置Tomcat依赖，添加对应版本的Tomcat Servlet API：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>10.1.18</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

2. 确保Spring Boot主类继承SpringBootServletInitializer：

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
    @Override
    protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) {
        return application.sources(Application.class);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

3. 重新打包WAR包后部署到现有Tomcat镜像，若仍有问题，优先尝试升级Tomcat到10.1.16+版本。

方案3：使用Spring Boot内置Tomcat运行 #

跳过外部Tomcat，直接打包为Jar包运行：

1. 修改pom.xml打包方式为Jar（默认即为Jar，若之前是War则调整）：

<packaging>jar</packaging>

2. 打包后用Corretto 17镜像运行：

docker run -p 8080:8080 -v /本地Jar包路径/app.jar:/app.jar amazoncorretto:17-alpine java -jar /app.jar

at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.DynamicRegistrationBean.register(DynamicRegistrationBean.java:122) ~[spring-boot-3.1.6.jar:3.1.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.RegistrationBean.onStartup(RegistrationBean.java:52) ~[spring-boot-3.1.6.jar:3.1.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.selfInitialize(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:236) ~[spring-boot-3.1.6.jar:3.1.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.createWebServer(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:192) ~[spring-boot-3.1.6.jar:3.1.6]
    at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.onRefresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:161) ~[spring-boot-3.1.6.jar:3.1.6]
    ... 49 个更多栈帧
13-Dec-2023 17:42:00.709 严重 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR 部署Web应用归档文件[/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/samplespring.war]时出错
    java.lang.IllegalStateException: 启动子容器出错
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:729)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:698)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:747)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWAR(HostConfig.java:976)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig$DeployWar.run(HostConfig.java:1950)
            at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:539)
            at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
            at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:123)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployWARs(HostConfig.java:777)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:427)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.start(HostConfig.java:1657)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.lifecycleEvent(HostConfig.java:310)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:123)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setStateInternal(LifecycleBase.java:423)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.setState(LifecycleBase.java:366)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:946)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:886)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1396)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1386)
            at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:264)
            at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.InlineExecutorService.execute(InlineExecutorService.java:75)
            at java.base/java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService.submit(AbstractExecutorService.java:145)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:919)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:263)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:432)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:926)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:795)
            at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
            at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
            at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
            at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:345)
            at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:476)
    引起原因: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: 启动组件[StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/documentprocessor]]失败
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440)
            at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198)
            at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:726)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Krishna