Bash脚本需求：批量将文件重命名为带u-前缀的修改时间Unix时间戳前缀格式

Got it, let's build a Bash script that does exactly what you need—adding a u-<unix-timestamp-ms> prefix to your image files based on their modification time. Here's a step-by-step solution:

Basic Script (Single Directory) #

This script targets .jpg and .png files in your current working directory. You can adjust the file patterns to include other types if needed.

#!/bin/bash

# Loop through JPG and PNG files (modify the glob to add more types)
for file in *.jpg *.png; do
    # Skip the loop if no files match the pattern
    [ -e "$file" ] || continue

    # Get modification time in Unix milliseconds (Linux version)
    # For macOS, replace this line with:
    # mtime=$(stat -f "%Sm" -t "%s%N" "$file" | cut -c1-13)
    mtime=$(stat -c "%Y%N" "$file" | cut -c1-13)

    # Create the new filename with the prefix
    new_filename="u-${mtime} ${file}"

    # Rename the file (add -n to "mv" to test without making changes)
    mv -v "$file" "$new_filename"
done

Breakdown of Key Parts: #

• Loop: The for file in *.jpg *.png line targets your image files. Change this to *.gif *.webp or other extensions if you need to process more file types.
• Pattern Check: [ -e "$file" ] || continue prevents errors when there are no files matching a pattern (e.g., no PNGs in the folder).
• Timestamp Extraction:
  • On Linux, stat -c "%Y" gets the modification time in Unix seconds, and %N appends nanoseconds. Cutting the first 13 characters gives us seconds + 3 digits of nanoseconds (effectively milliseconds, matching your example format).
  • On macOS, the stat syntax differs—use the commented line instead to get the same timestamp format.
• Rename: mv -v shows you each rename operation (remove -v if you don't want verbose output). Add -n to mv (like mv -nv) to run a dry test without actually renaming files—perfect for verifying everything works before making changes.

Recursive Version (Include Subdirectories) #

If you need to process files in subdirectories too, use find instead of a simple loop:

#!/bin/bash

# Recursively find JPG and PNG files, then rename them
find . -type f \( -name "*.jpg" -o -name "*.png" \) -exec bash -c '
    original_file="$1"
    # Get directory and base filename separately
    file_dir=$(dirname "$original_file")
    file_base=$(basename "$original_file")

    # Get modification time (adjust for macOS as before)
    mtime=$(stat -c "%Y%N" "$original_file" | cut -c1-13)

    # Build the new full path
    new_file="${file_dir}/u-${mtime} ${file_base}"

    # Rename the file
    mv -v "$original_file" "$new_file"
' _ {} \;

How to Use #

1. Save the script to a file (e.g., rename_with_timestamp.sh).
2. Make it executable:

   chmod +x rename_with_timestamp.sh
   

3. Run it in the directory where your files are located:

   ./rename_with_timestamp.sh
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Enigma