Selenium报错：Chrome突然无法启动，会话创建失败

问题描述 #

报错信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/user/myproject/scraping_all.py", line 29, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/user/myproject/myprojectenv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 45, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/home/user/myproject/myprojectenv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 56, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/home/user/myproject/myprojectenv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 208, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities)
  File "/home/user/myproject/myprojectenv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 292, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/home/user/myproject/myprojectenv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 347, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/home/user/myproject/myprojectenv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 229, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.SessionNotCreatedException: Message: session not created: Chrome failed to start: exited normally.
  (unknown error: unable to discover open pages)
  (The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

环境信息 #

• Google Chrome版本：Google Chrome 120.0.6099.109
• 爬虫ChromeOptions配置代码：

options = Options()
options.add_argument("start-maximized")
options.add_argument('--headless=new')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--user-data-dir=/home/user/myproject')
options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9222")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

问题排查与解决 #

1. 匹配ChromeDriver与Chrome版本 #

ChromeDriver版本必须和Chrome版本完全对应，你的Chrome是120.0.6099.109，需执行以下操作：

• 运行chromedriver --version查看当前版本
• 若版本不匹配，下载同版本的ChromeDriver替换现有文件

2. 修复user-data-dir配置错误 #

你设置的--user-data-dir=/home/user/myproject指向项目根目录，并非Chrome合法的用户数据目录，会导致启动失败：

• 直接删除该参数，使用默认临时用户数据目录
• 或指定一个空的专用目录，比如--user-data-dir=/home/user/myproject/chrome_profile，确保目录存在且当前用户有读写权限

3. 移除无效/冲突参数 #

• start-maximized在--headless=new模式下无效，可移除
• 若无远程调试需求，删除--remote-debugging-port=9222，避免端口占用或启动冲突
• --disable-gpu在新版Chrome无头模式下已无需配置，可移除

4. 验证系统权限与依赖 #

• 确保运行脚本的用户对/usr/bin/google-chrome有执行权限
• 检查无头模式依赖库，比如libnss3、libgconf-2-4，缺失则通过包管理器安装（如apt install libnss3 libgconf-2-4）

调整后的示例配置 #

options = Options()
options.add_argument('--headless=new')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
# 可选：指定专用用户数据目录
# options.add_argument('--user-data-dir=/home/user/myproject/chrome_profile')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者hemoglobin