优化GitHub CI Action中Windows环境的VS2022依赖以缩短构建时间

配置GitHub CI Action时，用VS2019在Windows环境编译项目出现std::format_strings未定义错误（本地VS2022构建正常）。改用Action安装VS2022后项目可编译，但构建耗时约10分钟，其中8分钟用于VS安装，希望优化Windows环境的构建性能，接近Linux的2分钟耗时。

当前使用的CI配置：

name: Windows

on:
  push:
    branches: [ master ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ master ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: windows-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0

    - name: Install Visual Studio Build Tools
      run: |
        choco install visualstudio2022buildtools --package-parameters "--add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.VC.Tools.x86.x64 --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.Windows10SDK --add Microsoft.VisualStudio.Component.TestTools.BuildTools --includeOptional" -y
        choco install visualstudio2022-workload-vctools -y
    - name: Add MSBuild to PATH
      run: |
        echo "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\BuildTools\MSBuild\Current\Bin" | Out-File -Append -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH
    - name: Print MSBuild Version
      run: |
        msbuild -version
    - name: Run Premake for Visual Studio
      run: .\setup.bat

    - name: Compile Project with MSBuild
      run: |
        msbuild sigma.sln /p:Configuration=Debug /p:Platform="x64" /p:stdcpp=latest

• 直接使用预装VS2022的Runner：GitHub官方windows-latest runner已预装VS2022 Build Tools、VC工具链、Windows SDK等核心组件，无需手动通过Choco安装，直接跳过8分钟的安装步骤。
• 启用并行编译：在MSBuild命令中添加/m参数，利用Runner多核CPU并行处理编译任务，大幅压缩编译耗时。
• 缓存构建产物：用actions/cache缓存Premake生成的工程文件、中间构建产物和依赖，避免每次构建重复生成或下载。
• 精简安装（如需自定义）：若必须手动安装组件，去掉--includeOptional参数，仅保留项目必需的组件，减少冗余安装时间。

修改后的CI配置 #

name: Windows

on:
  push:
    branches: [ master ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ master ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: windows-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      with:
        fetch-depth: 0

    # 缓存Premake生成文件与构建产物
    - name: Cache build artifacts
      uses: actions/cache@v3
      with:
        path: |
          sigma.sln
          ./*.vcxproj
          ./*.vcxproj.filters
          ./bin
          ./obj
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ hashFiles('setup.bat', 'premake5.lua') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-build-

    - name: Run Premake for Visual Studio
      run: .\setup.bat

    - name: Compile Project with MSBuild (Parallel)
      run: |
        msbuild sigma.sln /m /p:Configuration=Debug /p:Platform="x64" /p:stdcpp=latest

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Goubermouche