Python安装discord.py时multidict编译失败问题求助

我当前使用Python 3.12版本，使用pip安装各类软件包时频繁遇到相同错误，尝试降级至3.8、3.9版本或使用最新版本均无法解决。已执行pip install pyproject-toml，但安装discord.py时仍出现如下报错：

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting discord.py
  Using cached discord.py-2.3.2-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (4.9 kB)
Collecting aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4 (from discord.py)
  Using cached aiohttp-3.9.1-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (7.6 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=17.3.0 in c:\users\hoang\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python312\site-packages (from aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4->discord.py) (23.1.0)
Collecting multidict<7.0,>=4.5 (from aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4->discord.py)
  Using cached multidict-6.0.4.tar.gz (51 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Installing backend dependencies ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting yarl<2.0,>=1.0 (from aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4->discord.py)
  Using cached yarl-1.9.4-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (32 kB)
Collecting frozenlist>=1.1.1 (from aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4->discord.py)
  Using cached frozenlist-1.4.1-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (12 kB)
Collecting aiosignal>=1.1.2 (from aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4->discord.py)
  Using cached aiosignal-1.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (7.6 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: idna>=2.0 in c:\users\hoang\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.12_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python312\site-packages (from yarl<2.0,>=1.0->aiohttp<4,>=3.7.4->discord.py) (3.6)
Using cached discord.py-2.3.2-py3-none-any.whl (1.1 MB)
Using cached aiohttp-3.9.1-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (362 kB)
Using cached frozenlist-1.4.1-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (50 kB)
Using cached yarl-1.9.4-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (76 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: multidict
  Building wheel for multidict (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for multidict (pyproject.toml) did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [74 lines of output]
      *********************
      * Accelerated build *
      *********************
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      copying multidict\_abc.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      copying multidict\_compat.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      copying multidict\_multidict_base.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      copying multidict\_multidict_py.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      copying multidict\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      running egg_info
      writing multidict.egg-info\PKG-INFO
      writing dependency_links to multidict.egg-info\dependency_links.txt
      writing top-level names to multidict.egg-info\top_level.txt
      reading manifest file 'multidict.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
      warning: no previously-included files matching '*.pyc' found anywhere in distribution
      warning: no previously-included files found matching 'multidict\_multidict.html'
      warning: no previously-included files found matching 'multidict\*.so'
      warning: no previously-included files found matching 'multidict\*.pyd'
      warning: no previously-included files found matching 'multidict\*.pyd'
      no previously-included directories found matching 'docs\_build'
      adding license file 'LICENSE'
      writing manifest file 'multidict.egg-info\SOURCES.txt'
      C:\Users\hoang\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0k190i2x\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\command\build_py.py:207: _Warning: Package 'multidict._multilib' is absent from the `packages` configuration.
      !!

              ********************************************************************************
              ############################
              # Package would be ignored #
              ############################
              Python recognizes 'multidict._multilib' as an importable package[^1],
              but it is absent from setuptools' `packages` configuration.

              This leads to an ambiguous overall configuration. If you want to distribute this
              package, please make sure that 'multidict._multilib' is explicitly added
              to the `packages` configuration field.

              Alternatively, you can also rely on setuptools' discovery methods
              (for example by using `find_namespace_packages(...)`/`find_namespace:`
              instead of `find_packages(...)`/`find:`).

              You can read more about "package discovery" on setuptools documentation page:

              - https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/package_discovery.html

              If you don't want 'multidict._multilib' to be distributed and are
              already explicitly excluding 'multidict._multilib' via
              `find_namespace_packages(...)/find_namespace` or `find_packages(...)/find`,
              you can try to use `exclude_package_data`, or `include-package-data=False` in
              combination with a more fine grained `package-data` configuration.

              You can read more about "package data files" on setuptools documentation page:

              - https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/userguide/datafiles.html


              [^1]: For Python, any directory (with suitable naming) can be imported,
                    even if it does not contain any `.py` files.
                    On the other hand, currently there is no concept of package data
                    directory, all directories are treated like packages.
              ********************************************************************************

      !!
        check.warn(importable)
      copying multidict\__init__.pyi -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      copying multidict\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-cpython-312\multidict
      running build_ext
      building 'multidict._multidict' extension
      error: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for multidict
Failed to build multidict
ERROR: Could not build wheels for multidict, which is required to install pyproject.toml-based projects

• 安装Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools：Windows环境下编译Python的C扩展依赖该工具，安装时勾选「C++ build tools」以及对应的Windows SDK组件，安装完成后重启终端再尝试安装。
• 强制使用预编译轮子：先执行pip install --only-binary :all: multidict安装预编译好的multidict包，之后再运行pip install discord.py。
• 升级pip到最新版本：执行python -m pip install --upgrade pip，新版pip对预编译轮子的检索和支持更完善，可能自动匹配到适配Python版本的预编译包。
• 使用虚拟环境规避权限问题：报错提示普通site-packages目录无写入权限，可创建虚拟环境隔离依赖，执行python -m venv myenv创建，再通过myenv\Scripts\activate激活环境，之后在虚拟环境内安装discord.py。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hoàng Nhism