Spring Boot+Docker构建镜像失败：build-image执行报错求助

问题场景 #

Windows 11上运行Docker Desktop，执行./mvnw spring-boot:build-image构建镜像时，在Running creator步骤失败，JDK 17、21版本均出现相同问题。

核心报错信息 #

[INFO]     [creator]         Using Java version 20 extracted from MANIFEST.MF
[INFO]     [creator]       No valid JRE available, providing matching JDK instead. Using a JDK at runtime has security implications.
[INFO]     [creator]       Warning: Dependency has no SHA256. Skipping cache.
[INFO]     [creator]         Downloading from 
[INFO]     [creator]     unable to invoke layer creator
[INFO]     [creator]     unable to get dependency
[INFO]     [creator]     unable to download
[INFO]     [creator]     Get "": unsupported protocol scheme ""

项目pom.xml配置 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>fr.wcs</groupId>
    <artifactId>docker-demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>docker-demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
            <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

解决步骤 #

1. 强制锁定Java版本 #

日志显示构建包从MANIFEST.MF提取了Java 20版本，与pom.xml中指定的17冲突。在pom.xml的properties节点添加Paketo构建参数，强制使用JDK 17：

<properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <BP_JVM_VERSION>17</BP_JVM_VERSION>
</properties>

2. 排查网络与代理问题 #

• 关闭Docker Desktop的代理配置，确保网络能正常访问Paketo资源服务器
• 检查系统防火墙是否拦截了Maven或Docker的网络请求

3. 更换国内镜像源（可选） #

如果网络访问受限，构建时指定国内JDK镜像源：

./mvnw spring-boot:build-image -DBP_JVM_VERSION=17 -DBP_JVM_REPOSITORY=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/bellsoft/

4. 清理缓存 #

• 删除Maven本地缓存目录（~/.m2/repository）
• 在Docker Desktop中执行"Clean/Purge data"清理构建缓存

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ryley38