Windows 7系统下安装Python rtmidi库失败求助

问题概述 #

在64位处理器上运行32位Windows 7 Ultimate系统，使用Python 3.8.10执行pip install rtmidi时编译失败，核心报错提示缺少Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0及以上版本的构建工具。已尝试安装C++ Redistributable 14.0、升级pip，但问题未解决。

完整报错信息如下：

C:\Users\CEMARIECOLINA\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38-32>pip install rtmidi
Collecting rtmidi
  Using cached rtmidi-2.5.0.tar.gz (56 kB)
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: rtmidi
  Building wheel for rtmidi (setup.py) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × python setup.py bdist_wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ──> [16 lines of output]
      c:\users\cemariecolina\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\extension.py:134: UserWarning: Unknown Extension options: 'headers'
        warnings.warn(msg)
      c:\users\cemariecolina\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\dist.py:265: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'description_content_type'
        warnings.warn(msg)
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win32-cpython-38
      creating build\lib.win32-cpython-38\rtmidi
      copying rtmidi\collector.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-38\rtmidi
      copying rtmidi\randomout.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-38\rtmidi
      copying rtmidi\__init__.py -> build\lib.win32-cpython-38\rtmidi
      running build_ext
      building 'rtmidi._rtmidi' extension
      error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools"
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for rtmidi
  Running setup.py clean for rtmidi
Failed to build rtmidi
ERROR: Could not build wheels for rtmidi, which is required to install pyproject toml-based projects

解决方案 #

1. 安装完整的Visual C++ Build Tools（而非仅运行时库） #

你之前安装的C++ Redistributable仅提供运行时支持，编译rtmidi需要编译器、链接器等构建工具链：

• 下载Visual C++ Build Tools安装程序，选择「Desktop development with C++」工作负载
• 必须勾选x86架构的MSVC编译器组件（与你的32位Python环境匹配）
• 同时勾选适配Windows 7的Windows SDK版本（推荐Windows 7 SDK 7.1或兼容版本）
• 安装完成后重启命令提示符，确保构建工具的环境变量生效

2. 使用预编译wheel包跳过编译流程 #

若不想配置编译环境，可直接使用对应版本的预编译wheel文件安装：

• 获取适配Python 3.8（32位）的rtmidi .whl 文件
• 执行命令：pip install 你的wheel文件路径.whl

3. 验证环境一致性 #

• 确认Python为32位：执行python -c "import sys; print(sys.maxsize > 2**32)"，输出False则为32位环境
• 检查构建工具是否正常加载：执行cl命令，若能显示编译器版本则配置成功

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者abeh