如何在Python或ASP.NET Core中提取带格式布局的PDF文本

我在Python和ASP.NET Core中使用iTextSharp、PDFSharp、PyPDF2等库提取PDF文本时，能成功获取内容，但无法保留原有的间距、对齐等格式布局。试过PyMuPDF和Camelot，结果未达预期，现寻求可准确提取PDF文本并保留原格式布局的方案、库或代码片段，确保提取的文本还原PDF的间距、对齐及整体视觉结构。

当前提取结果 #

Invoice#
Invoice Date
Terms
Due Date: INV-000003
: 18 May 2023
: Due on
Receipt
: 18 May 2023
Bill To Ship To
Ms. Mary D. Dunton 1324 Hinkle Lake Road
1324 Hinkle Lake Road Needham
Needham 02192 Maine
02192 Maine
# Item & Description Qty Rate Amount
1 Camera
DSLR camera with
advanced shooting
capabilities1 $899.00 $899.00
2 Fitness Tracker
Activity tracker with heart
rate monitoring1 $129.00 $129.00
3 Laptop
Lightweight laptop with a
powerful processor1 $1,199.00 $1,199.00
$2,227.00
5.00%
$2,338.35
Thanks for shopping with us. $2,338.35Zylker Electronics Hub
14B, Northern Street Greater South Avenue
New York New York 10001 U.S.A
Sub Total
Balance DueINVOICE
TotalTax Rate

预期格式结果 #

Zylker Electronics Hub                                                                                 
14B, Northern Street Greater South Avenue                                                               
New York New York 10001 U.S.A                                                     INVOICE              
Invoice#                                    : INV-000003                                               
Invoice Date                                : 18 May 2023                                              
Terms                                       : Due on                                                   
Due Date                                    Receipt                                                    
                                            : 18 May 2023                                              
Bill To                                                     Ship To                                    
Ms. Mary D. Dunton                                          1324 Hinkle Lake Road                      
1324 Hinkle Lake Road                                       Needham                                    
Needham                                                     02192 Maine                                
02192 Maine                                                                                            
#             Item & Description                                           Qty          Rate             
1             Camera                                                         1       $899.00    
              DSLR camera with                                                                          
              advanced shooting                                                                         
              capabilities                                                                             
2             Fitness Tracker                                                 1      $129.00    
              Activity tracker with heart                                                              
              rate monitoring                                                                           
                                                                                                       
3              Laptop                                                         1     $1,199.00 
               Lightweight laptop with a                                                               
               powerful processor                                                                       
                                                                                                       
                                                                                                       
                                                                Sub Total    $2,338.35
                                                                Tax Rate        5.00%                   
                                                                Total         $2,338.35            
Thanks for shopping with us.      

推荐方案 #

Python 环境 #

• PDFplumber：精准获取文本的坐标、字体、间距等布局信息，通过layout=True参数可直接还原大部分排版结构，尤其适合表格类文档。
  代码片段：

  import pdfplumber
  
  with pdfplumber.open("invoice.pdf") as pdf:
      page = pdf.pages[0]
      # 保留布局提取文本
      formatted_text = page.extract_text(layout=True)
      print(formatted_text)
  

• Tabula-py：针对表格密集的PDF（如发票），可识别表格结构并输出带格式的文本或DataFrame，能较好保留列对齐和间距。

ASP.NET Core 环境 #

• PdfPig：可获取每个字符/单词的精确坐标信息，通过坐标计算实现自定义排版，还原原文档的对齐和间距。
  代码片段：

  using UglyToad.PdfPig;
  using UglyToad.PdfPig.Content;
  
  using (var document = PdfDocument.Open("invoice.pdf"))
  {
      var page = document.GetPage(1);
      // 按行分组并根据X坐标排序，模拟原对齐
      var lines = page.GetWords().GroupBy(w => w.BoundingBox.Top);
      foreach (var line in lines.OrderByDescending(l => l.Key))
      {
          var sortedWords = line.OrderBy(w => w.BoundingBox.Left);
          Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", sortedWords.Select(w => w.Text)));
      }
  }
  

• iText 7：替代旧版iTextSharp，提供更强大的文本提取API，可自定义LocationTextExtractionStrategy来保留布局格式。

补充说明 #

如果PDF是扫描件，需先通过Tesseract完成OCR识别文本，再结合上述库处理格式还原。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adnan ali