PyCharm安装pandas遇subprocess-exited-with-error错误求助

问题 #

在Windows 10系统的PyCharm Community Edition 2023.3.2（Python版本3.10.11）环境中，执行pip install pandas命令安装pandas时出现错误，错误信息如下：

(.venv) PS C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\Save CSV> pip install pandas
Collecting pandas
  Using cached pandas-2.1.4.tar.gz (4.3 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [82 lines of output]
      Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version >= "3.12"' don't match your environment
      Collecting meson-python==0.13.1
        Using cached meson_python-0.13.1-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB)
      Collecting meson==1.2.1
        Using cached meson-1.2.1-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (1.7 kB)
      Collecting wheel
        Using cached wheel-0.42.0-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (2.2 kB)
      Collecting Cython<3,>=0.29.33
        Using cached Cython-0.29.37-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (3.1 kB)
      Collecting oldest-supported-numpy>=2022.8.16
        Using cached oldest_supported_numpy-2023.12.21-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (9.8 kB)
      Collecting versioneer[toml]
        Using cached versioneer-0.29-py3-none-any.whl.metadata (16 kB)
      Collecting colorama (from meson-python==0.13.1)
        Using cached colorama-0.4.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (25 kB)
      Collecting pyproject-metadata>=0.7.1 (from meson-python==0.13.1)
        Using cached pyproject_metadata-0.7.1-py3-none-any.whl (7.4 kB)
      Collecting tomli>=1.0.0 (from meson-python==0.13.1)
        Using cached tomli-2.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
      Collecting numpy==1.21.6 (from oldest-supported-numpy>=2022.8.16)
        Using cached numpy-1.21.6.zip (10.3 MB)
        Installing build dependencies: started
        Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
        Getting requirements to build wheel: started
        Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'error'
        error: subprocess-exited-with-error
 
        Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
        exit code: 1
 
        [40 lines of output]
        Traceback (most recent call last):
          File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\Save CSV\.venv\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
            main()
          File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\Save CSV\.venv\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
            json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
          File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\Save CSV\.venv\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 112, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
            backend = _build_backend()
          File "C:\Users\user\PycharmProjects\Save CSV\.venv\lib\python3.10\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 77, in _build_backend
            obj = import_module(mod_path)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
            return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 992, in _find_and_load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 887, in exec_module
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
          File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-7rjwvzg3\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 242, in <module>
            monkey.patch_all()
          File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-7rjwvzg3\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\monkey.py", line 99, in patch_all
            patch_for_msvc_specialized_compiler()
          File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-7rjwvzg3\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\monkey.py", line 162, in patch_for_msvc_specialized_compiler        
            patch_func(*msvc9('find_vcvarsall'))
          File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-7rjwvzg3\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\monkey.py", line 149, in patch_params
            mod = import_module(mod_name)
          File "C:\msys64\mingw64\lib\python3.10\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
            return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 887, in exec_module
          File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
          File "C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-7rjwvzg3\overlay\lib\python3.10\site-packages\setuptools\_distutils\msvc9compiler.py", line 295, in <module>
            raise DistutilsPlatformError("VC %0.1f is not supported by this module" % VERSION)
        distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: VC 6.0 is not supported by this module
        [end of output]
     
        note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
      error: subprocess-exited-with-error
 
      Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
      exit code: 1
 
      See above for output.
 
      note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
      [end of output]

error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

已尝试操作：

• 升级pip、setuptools和wheel
• 安装Windows的Visual C++ build tools

解决方案 #

1. 强制使用预编译二进制包安装 #

跳过源码编译步骤，直接安装预编译的wheel包，避免编译器版本冲突：

pip install pandas --only-binary :all:

2. 清理旧VC环境变量 #

错误提示VC 6.0不被支持，可能系统残留了旧版本VC的路径：

• 打开系统环境变量设置，在Path及其他VC相关变量中，删除指向VC 6.0的路径
• 重启PyCharm或终端，确保环境变量生效后再尝试安装

3. 指定兼容的pandas版本 #

部分新版本pandas的构建依赖与旧环境冲突，尝试安装稳定兼容版：

pip install pandas==2.0.3

4. 修复setuptools的MSVC检测问题 #

临时设置环境变量，强制setuptools使用标准库distutils，避免VC版本检测错误：

set SETUPTOOLS_USE_DISTUTILS=stdlib
pip install pandas

5. 使用conda安装（若有conda环境） #

Anaconda/Miniconda会自动处理依赖和编译问题，无需手动配置编译器：

conda install pandas

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pei Rou