Visual Studio 2022无法安装Analyzer项目生成的VSIX扩展

我按照微软官方教程创建了包含规则定义、代码修复、Package、Testing、VSIX共5个子项目的**Analyzer with Code Fix (.NET Standard)**解决方案，调试时通过VSIX项目启动的Visual Studio实例可正常验证代码分析规则，但将生成的VSIX文件安装到本地Visual Studio 2022 Enterprise时，出现安装失败错误。

错误信息 #

04/01/2024 15:05:56 - Microsoft VSIX Installer
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - -------------------------------------------
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - vsixinstaller.exe version:
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - 17.8.2365+1ea9c98024
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - -------------------------------------------
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - Command line parameters:
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\Installer\resources\app\ServiceHub\Services\Microsoft.VisualStudio.Setup.Service\VSIXInstaller.exe,D:\ProjectNET\Rules\SDNARules\NETStandardByRefRules.Vsix\bin\Debug\net481\NETStandardByRefRules.Vsix.vsix
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - -------------------------------------------
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - Microsoft VSIX Installer
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - -------------------------------------------
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - Initializing Install...
04/01/2024 15:05:56 - Searching for applicable products...
04/01/2024 15:05:57 - Found installed product - Visual Studio Enterprise 2022
04/01/2024 15:05:57 - Found installed product - Global Location
04/01/2024 15:05:57 - Extension Details...
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Identifier         : SDNACodeAnalysisRules.Silicon DNA 1994..47352a77-3f81-4d95-a389-a64702e17c53
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Name               : SDNARules
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Author             : ALP
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Version            : 1.0
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Description        : This is a sample diagnostic extension for the .NET Compiler Platform ("Roslyn").
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Locale             : en-US
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   MoreInfoURL        : 
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   InstalledByMSI     : False
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   SupportedFrameworkVersionRange : [4.5,)
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   SignatureState     : Unsigned
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Supported Products : 
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -       Microsoft.VisualStudio.Community
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -           Version : [15.0,)
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -           ProductArchitecture : x86
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   References         : 
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Prerequisites      : 
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -       -------------------------------------------------------
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -       Identifier   : MyCustomPrerequisite
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -       Name         : My Custom Prerequisite
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -       Version      : [1.0,)
04/01/2024 15:05:57 - Signature Details...
04/01/2024 15:05:57 -   Extension is not signed.
04/01/2024 15:05:57 - VSIXInstaller.NoApplicableSKUsException: This extension is not installable on any currently installed products.
   at VSIXInstaller.ExtensionService.GetInstallableDataImpl(String vsixPath, String extensionPackParentName, Boolean isRepairSupported, IStateData stateData, IEnumerable`1& skuData)
   at VSIXInstaller.ExtensionService.GetInstallableData(String vsixPath, String extensionPackParentName, Boolean isRepairSupported, IStateData stateData, IEnumerable`1& skuData)
   at VSIXInstaller.ExtensionPackService.IsExtensionPack(IStateData stateData, Boolean isRepairSupported)
   at VSIXInstaller.ExtensionPackService.ExpandExtensionPackToInstall(IStateData stateData, Boolean isRepairSupported)
   at VSIXInstaller.App.Initialize(Boolean isRepairSupported)
   at VSIXInstaller.App.Initialize()
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task`1.InnerInvoke()
   at System.Threading.Tasks.Task.Execute()

VSIX项目的source.extension.vsixmanifest内容 #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PackageManifest Version="2.0.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vsx-schema/2011" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/vsx-schema-design/2011">
  <Metadata>
    <Identity Id="SDNACodeAnalysisRules.Silicon DNA 1994..47352a77-3f81-4d95-a389-a64702e17c53" Version="1.0" Language="en-US" Publisher="ALP"/>
    <DisplayName>SDNARules</DisplayName>
    <Description xml:space="preserve">This is a sample diagnostic extension for the .NET Compiler Platform ("Roslyn").</Description>
  </Metadata>
  <Installation>
    <InstallationTarget Id="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Community" Version="[15.0,)" />
  </Installation>
  <Dependencies>
    <Dependency Id="Microsoft.Framework.NDP" DisplayName="Microsoft .NET Framework" d:Source="Manual" Version="[4.5,)" />
  </Dependencies>
  <Assets>
    <Asset Type="Microsoft.VisualStudio.MefComponent" d:Source="Project" d:ProjectName="SDNARules" Path="|SDNARules|"/>
    <Asset Type="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Analyzer" d:Source="Project" d:ProjectName="SDNARules" Path="|SDNARules|"/>
    <Asset Type="Microsoft.VisualStudio.MefComponent" d:Source="Project" d:ProjectName="SDNARules.CodeFixes" Path="|SDNARules.CodeFixes|"/>
    <Asset Type="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Analyzer" d:Source="Project" d:ProjectName="SDNARules.CodeFixes" Path="|SDNARules.CodeFixes|"/>
  </Assets>
  <Prerequisites>
      <Prerequisite Id="MyCustomPrerequisite" Version="[1.0,)" DisplayName="My Custom Prerequisite" />
  </Prerequisites>
</PackageManifest>

解决方案 #

问题根源有两点，逐一处理即可解决：

1. 安装目标不匹配本地Visual Studio版本 #

当前Installation节点仅指定了Community版作为安装目标，而本地安装的是Enterprise版，导致安装程序判定无适用SKU。

修改方式二选一：

• 添加Enterprise版支持：

<Installation>
  <InstallationTarget Id="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Community" Version="[15.0,)" />
  <InstallationTarget Id="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Enterprise" Version="[17.0,)" />
</Installation>

• 使用通配ID支持所有Visual Studio 2022 SKU：

<Installation>
  <InstallationTarget Id="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Product.All" Version="[17.0,)" />
</Installation>

2. 移除不存在的自定义依赖 #

Prerequisites节点中的MyCustomPrerequisite是未安装的自定义依赖，这也是安装失败的原因之一。直接删除整个Prerequisites节点：

<!-- 删除此节点 -->
<Prerequisites>
    <Prerequisite Id="MyCustomPrerequisite" Version="[1.0,)" DisplayName="My Custom Prerequisite" />
</Prerequisites>

额外检查项 #

• 将VSIX项目的目标框架设置为.NET Framework 4.8（与VS2022兼容性最佳）
• 重新生成VSIX项目，使用Release版本的VSIX文件进行安装

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alessandro