使用pip venv安装pyshtools时numpy已安装仍报错的解决方法

我想用pip的venv创建包含pyshtools包的新环境，但安装pyshtools时系统提示缺少numpy，可从下方命令行输出能看到numpy已经成功安装在venv里。卸载numpy让pyshtools自行安装依赖也无法解决问题。刚从conda环境切换到pip，可能忽略了pip打包的某些细节，恳请协助。

命令行输出 #

(.venv) C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs>pip install pyshtools
Collecting pyshtools
  Downloading pyshtools-4.10.4.tar.gz (38.3 MB)
     ---------------------------------------- 38.3/38.3 MB 9.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [21 lines of output]
      <string>:20: DeprecationWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs\.venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs\.venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs\.venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-qssgl9gu\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-qssgl9gu\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 295, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-qssgl9gu\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 480, in run_setup
          super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend, self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-qssgl9gu\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 24, in <module>
      ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'numpy'
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

(.venv) C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs>pip install numpy
Collecting numpy
  Downloading numpy-1.26.3-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl.metadata (61 kB)
     ---------------------------------------- 61.2/61.2 kB 407.8 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Downloading numpy-1.26.3-cp312-cp312-win_amd64.whl (15.5 MB)
   ---------------------------------------- 15.5/15.5 MB 10.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.26.3

(.venv) C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs>pip install pyshtools
Collecting pyshtools
  Using cached pyshtools-4.10.4.tar.gz (38.3 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [21 lines of output]
      <string>:20: DeprecationWarning: pkg_resources is deprecated as an API. See https://setuptools.pypa.io/en/latest/pkg_resources.html
      Traceback (most recent call last):
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs\.venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
          main()
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs\.venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335, in main
          json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\OneDrive\Dokumente\Tu Braunschweig\Master\3. Semester\Weltraumpraktikum\code\planmaginvbs\.venv\Lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return hook(config_settings)
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-u2xqdbed\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
          return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'])
                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-u2xqdbed\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 295, in _get_build_requires
          self.run_setup()
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-u2xqdbed\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 480, in run_setup
          super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend, self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
        File "C:\Users\Luis-\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-u2xqdbed\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
          exec(code, locals())
        File "<string>", line 24, in <module>
      ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'numpy'
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

已尝试的操作 #

• 在基础环境和venv中单独或同时卸载重装numpy和pyshtools，均无效，报错相同。
• 搜索同类问题未找到解决方案，排查pip venv中numpy安装相关问题也无匹配项。

更新
问题出在Python 3.12，降级到Python 3.11后即可正常安装。感谢用户8349697的指引。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lufilon