Azure Pipeline+Maven构建报错：无法创建test-classes目录求助

我正在使用Azure Pipeline结合Maven（apache-maven-3.6.3）构建Java项目，开发工具为IntelliJ。

当前Pipeline配置 #

Maven pom.xml:
Display name: Maven job
Agent pool : DockerBuildAgent
Goal(s): test "-Dargline=-Dcucumber.filter.tags='@smoke'"
Test results files:**/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml

Copy files to: $(build.artifactstagingdirectory)

Display name : Copy Files to: $(build.artifactstagingdirectory)
Source Folder : $(system.defaultworkingdirectory)
Contents : **/*.jar
Target Folder : $(build.artifactstagingdirectory)

Public Artifact:drop

Display name:Publish Artifact: drop
Path to publish : $(build.artifactstagingdirectory)
Artifact name: drop
Artifact publish location_Azure Pipelines

Publish Cucumber Report:
Display name Publish Cucumber Report
Input Directory:$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)
Output Directory:$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)
Report Theme: Bootstrap

构建报错信息 #

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ Netrex ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /root/myagent/_work/638/s/src/main/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ Netrex ---
[INFO] No sources to compile
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ Netrex ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  1.034 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-01-09T09:26:49+03:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) on project Netrex: Cannot create resource output directory: /root/myagent/_work/638/s/target/test-classes -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException
The process '/usr/bin/mvn' failed with exit code 1
Could not retrieve code analysis results - Maven run failed.
No test result files matching /root/myagent/_work/638/s/**/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml were found, so publishing JUnit test results is being skipped.
##[error]Build failed.
Finishing: Maven

项目pom.xml的build插件配置 #

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
            <configuration>
                <parallel>methods</parallel>
                <threadCount>2</threadCount>
                <perCoreThreadCount>false</perCoreThreadCount>
                <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore>
                <runOrder>Alphabetical</runOrder>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*CukesRunner.java</include>
                    <include>**/*FailedTestRunner.java</include>
                </includes>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>net.masterthought</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-cucumber-reporting</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.4</version>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>execution</id>
                    <phase>test</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>generate</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <projectName>Cucumber HTML Reports</projectName>
                        <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
                        <inputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</inputDirectory>
                        <jsonFiles>
                            <param>target/cucumber.json</param>
                            <param>failedTests*.json</param>
                        </jsonFiles>
                        <checkBuildResult>false</checkBuildResult>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>
</project>

请问该如何解决这个报错，正常运行测试套件？

核心报错是Cannot create resource output directory: /root/myagent/_work/638/s/target/test-classes，针对这个问题按以下步骤处理：

1. 修复Docker代理目录权限
   构建代理是Docker容器，工作目录可能缺少写入权限。在Pipeline的Maven任务前添加脚本步骤，手动创建目录并赋予权限：

   mkdir -p $(system.defaultworkingdirectory)/target/test-classes
   chmod -R 777 $(system.defaultworkingdirectory)/target
   

   或者修改DockerBuildAgent配置，确保运行Maven的用户对工作目录有读写权限。

2. 修正Maven命令参数格式
   当前Goals里的参数写法有误，把test "-Dargline=-Dcucumber.filter.tags='@smoke'"改为：

   test -Dcucumber.filter.tags="@smoke"
   

   无需嵌套-Dargline，直接传递标签参数即可避免解析异常。

3. 完善项目目录结构
   日志显示src/main/resources不存在，若项目不需要该目录，要么创建空目录，要么在pom.xml中显式配置资源路径；同时确认src/test/resources是否存在，不存在则创建空目录，避免testResources插件执行报错。

4. 升级Maven资源插件版本
   当前使用的maven-resources-plugin是2.6版本，与Maven 3.6.3可能存在兼容性问题，在pom.xml中指定更高版本：

   <plugin>
       <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
       <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
       <version>3.3.1</version>
   </plugin>
   

5. 调整Cucumber报告发布路径
   把Publish Cucumber Report任务的目录改为：

   • Input Directory: $(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/target
   • Output Directory: $(build.artifactstagingdirectory)/cucumber-reports
     确保能正确读取报告文件，同时将报告作为构件发布。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mehmet Usta