Python员工ID/姓名双向查询代码运行报错，请求排查修复

原代码核心问题 #

• 文件分隔符错误：employees.txt中ID与姓名用空格分隔，但代码里用split(",")拆分，会导致解包id_num, full_name时抛出ValueError（每行只能拆出1个元素，无法分配给两个变量）。
• 映射关系缺失：原代码仅存储了(名, 姓) → ID的单向映射，按ID查询姓名需要的ID → 姓名反向映射完全缺失，导致lookup_employee永远返回"Employee not found"。
• 类型不匹配：原代码将ID以字符串存入字典，但查询时传入的是整数类型，类型不匹配无法命中键。

修复后的完整代码 #

# 维护两个字典分别存储双向映射
id_to_name = {}
name_to_id = {}

def load_employees():
    with open("employees.txt") as file:
        for line in file:
            # 按空格分割，第一个元素为ID，剩余元素拼接为全名
            parts = line.strip().split()
            id_num = parts[0]
            full_name = " ".join(parts[1:])
            # 提取名和姓（兼容含中间名的情况）
            name_parts = full_name.split()
            first_name = name_parts[0]
            last_name = name_parts[-1]
            # 双向存储映射，ID转为整数保证查询匹配
            id_to_name[int(id_num)] = full_name
            name_to_id[(first_name.lower(), last_name.lower())] = id_num

def lookup_id(first_name, last_name):
    # 转为小写避免大小写敏感问题
    return name_to_id.get((first_name.lower(), last_name.lower()), "ID not found")

def lookup_employee(id_num):
    return id_to_name.get(id_num, "Employee not found")

def main():
    try:
        load_employees()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print("Error: employees.txt 文件未找到，请确保文件在当前目录下。")
        return

    while True:
        print("\nChoose an option:")
        print("1. Lookup name by ID number")
        print("2. Lookup ID number by name")
        print("3. Quit")

        choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

        if choice == "1":
            try:
                id_num = int(input("Enter the ID number: "))
                result = lookup_employee(id_num)
                print(result)
            except ValueError:
                print("Invalid input. Please enter an integer ID number.")
        elif choice == "2":
            first_name = input("Enter the first name: ").strip()
            last_name = input("Enter the last name: ").strip()
            if not first_name or not last_name:
                print("Invalid input. Please enter both first and last name.")
                continue
            result = lookup_id(first_name, last_name)
            print(result)
        elif choice == "3":
            print("Exiting program...")
            break
        else:
            print("Invalid choice. Please choose 1, 2, or 3.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

额外优化说明 #

• 新增FileNotFoundError捕获，处理文件不存在的异常场景。
• 姓名查询转为小写，消除大小写输入差异导致的查询失败。
• 增加姓名输入非空校验，避免空输入引发的错误。
• 兼容员工全名含多个中间名的情况，正确提取名和姓。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user12860710