Blazor WASM API在Ubuntu上出现404异常，Windows环境正常求助

问题现象 #

Blazor WASM项目在Windows环境运行正常，但部署到Ubuntu Server 22.04后，请求GET http://**.**.**.**/api/files返回404 Not Found错误，错误信息为net_http_message_not_success_statuscode_reason, 404, Not Found。

服务器环境 #

• Ubuntu Server 22.04
• .NET 8 (8.0.100)
• Nginx 1.18.0
• MSSQL Server (16.0.4100.1-1 amd64)

项目结构 #

解决方案包含3个项目：Client、Server、Shared，Server为启动项目。

相关配置代码 #

Server项目Startup.cs #

using BilirkisiRaporu.Server.Services;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Localization;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace BilirkisiRaporu.Server
{
public class Startup
{
    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.AddLocalization(options => options.ResourcesPath = "Shared.Resources");
        services.AddScoped<MahkemeDosyasiService>();
        var connectionString = Configuration.GetConnectionString("SQLDbConnection");
        services.AddDbContext<RaporDataContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(connectionString));

        services.AddControllers().AddJsonOptions(options =>
        {
            options.JsonSerializerOptions.ReferenceHandler = ReferenceHandler.Preserve;
            options.JsonSerializerOptions.MaxDepth = 32;
            options.JsonSerializerOptions.PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase;
            options.JsonSerializerOptions.PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true;
        });

        services.AddHttpsRedirection(options =>
        {
            options.HttpsPort = 443;
        });
    }
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        var supportedCultures = new[] { new CultureInfo("en-US"), new CultureInfo("tr-TR") };
        app.UseRequestLocalization(new RequestLocalizationOptions
        {
            DefaultRequestCulture = new RequestCulture("tr-TR"),
            SupportedCultures = supportedCultures,
            SupportedUICultures = supportedCultures
        });
    }
}
}

Program.cs #

global using BilirkisiRaporu.Server.Data;
global using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using BilirkisiRaporu.Server;
using Syncfusion.Blazor;

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
Syncfusion.Licensing.SyncfusionLicenseProvider.RegisterLicense("****Licence here****");
builder.Services.AddSyncfusionBlazor();

var configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder()
.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional: false, reloadOnChange: true)
.Build();

var startup = new Startup(configuration);
startup.ConfigureServices(builder.Services);

builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();
builder.Services.AddRazorPages();

var app = builder.Build();

if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseWebAssemblyDebugging();
}
else
{
app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
app.UseHsts();
}

app.UseHttpsRedirection();

app.UseBlazorFrameworkFiles();
app.UseStaticFiles();

app.UseRouting();

app.MapRazorPages();
app.MapControllers();
app.MapFallbackToFile("index.html");

app.Run();

FilesController代码片段 #

using BilirkisiRaporu.Server.Services;
using BilirkisiRaporu.Shared.DTOs;
using BilirkisiRaporu.Shared.Models;
using BilirkisiRaporu.Shared.ViewModels;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace BilirkisiRaporu.Server.Controllers
{
[Route("api/[controller]")]
[ApiController]
public class FilesController : ControllerBase
{
    private readonly FileDataContext _context;
    private readonly FileService _fileService;

    public FilesController(FileDataContext context, FileService fileService)
    {
        _context = context;
        _fileService = fileService;
    }

    [HttpGet]
    public IActionResult GetFilesAsJson()
    {
        ....
    }

    [HttpGet("{id}")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> GetFilesById(int id)
    {
        ....
    }

    [HttpPost("Create")]
    public async Task<ActionResult<Files>> CreateFiles(FilesViewModel viewModel)
    {
        ....
    }
    [HttpPut("Update")]
    public async Task<IActionResult> UpdateFiles([FromBody] FilesDTO updatedFile)
    {
        ....
    }
....
}
}

index.html相关部分 #

<head>
....
<base href="/" />
....
</head>

组件初始化代码 #

protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
{
    objRef = DotNetObjectReference.Create(this);
    filesDTOList = new List<filesDTO>();
    try
    {
        var json = await Http.GetStringAsync("api/files");
        var options = new JsonSerializerOptions
            {
                ReferenceHandler = ReferenceHandler.Preserve,
                PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase,
                PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true
            };
        filesDTOList = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<filesDTO>>(json, options);

        filesDTOList = filesDTOList.OrderBy(item => item.Date).ToList();
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("An error occurred: " + ex.Message);
    }
}

Server端systemd服务配置 #

[Unit]
Description= Bilirkişi Raporu
[Service]
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/xyz
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dotnet /var/www/xyz/BilirkisiRaporu.Server.dll
Restart=always
RestartSec=10
SyslogIdentifier=BilirkişiRaporu
Environment=ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT=Development

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

排查与解决步骤 #

1. 确认.NET服务状态 #

• 查看服务运行状态：sudo systemctl status BilirkişiRaporu
• 实时查看服务日志：sudo journalctl -u BilirkişiRaporu -f，检查启动报错或异常信息
• 手动启动服务：sudo systemctl start BilirkişiRaporu

2. 跳过Nginx直接验证API #

.NET服务默认监听5000（HTTP）或7000（HTTPS）端口，在服务器上执行：curl http://localhost:5000/api/files

• 返回正常：问题出在Nginx配置
• 仍返回404：.NET服务未正确加载控制器或路由

3. 检查.NET路由与控制器 #

• 确认Program.cs中已包含app.MapControllers();（你的代码已配置）
• 检查FilesController的[Route("api/[controller]")]和[HttpGet]属性无拼写错误
• 确认部署目录/var/www/xyz下存在Controllers相关dll文件

4. 修复Nginx配置 #

创建或修改Nginx站点配置（/etc/nginx/sites-available/rapor.conf）：

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name 你的服务器IP或域名;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:5000;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection keep-alive;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
    }
}

• 启用配置：sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/rapor.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
• 验证配置：sudo nginx -t
• 重启Nginx：sudo systemctl restart nginx

5. 修复文件权限 #

确保.NET进程拥有部署目录的读写权限：

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/xyz
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/xyz

6. 检查配置与环境变量 #

• 确认/var/www/xyz/appsettings.json中的连接字符串等配置正确
• 在systemd服务配置中添加端口绑定（可选）：

  Environment=ASPNETCORE_URLS=http://0.0.0.0:5000
  

  重启服务生效。

7. 启用详细日志排查 #

修改/var/www/xyz/appsettings.Development.json添加详细日志：

{
  "Logging": {
    "LogLevel": {
      "Default": "Information",
      "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Debug"
    }
  }
}

重启服务后查看日志，分析路由匹配过程。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tuna