使用Azure SDK for Java创建KeyClient时遇服务异常求助

API 探路者

2026-7-2

问题

我尝试在代码中创建KeyClient对象，以便在Azure Key Vault中生成密钥，但创建后的对象内部服务始终存在错误，无法执行任何功能。

以下是我的代码：

@Override
public void generateProductAuthKeyPair(Long channelId) {
    try {
        KeyClient keyClient = new KeyClientBuilder()
                .vaultUrl(keyVaultUrl)
                .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
                .buildClient();

        String keyName = "UseAuthKeyChannel" + channelId.toString();
        CreateEcKeyOptions keyOptions = new CreateEcKeyOptions(keyName);
        keyOptions.setCurveName(KeyCurveName.P_256);

        KeyVaultKey ecKey = keyClient.createEcKey(new CreateEcKeyOptions(keyName)
                .setCurveName(KeyCurveName.P_256)
                .setExpiresOn(OffsetDateTime.now().plusYears(1)));
        System.out.printf("Key created with name \"%s\" and id %s%n", ecKey.getName(), ecKey.getId());

        Channel channel = channelRepository.getChannelById(channelId);


    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

每次创建KeyClient时，其内部服务都会出现错误（如截图所示），似乎是内部类缺少注解。我使用的是最新版本的Azure SDK，以下是pom.xml中的依赖配置：

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-security-keyvault-keys</artifactId>
            <version>4.7.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.45.1</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-identity</artifactId>
            <version>1.11.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.amazonaws</groupId>
            <artifactId>aws-java-sdk-kms</artifactId>
            <version>1.12.621</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>br.com.cittamobi.abt</groupId>
            <artifactId>models</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
            <artifactId>protobuf-java</artifactId>
            <version>3.11.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.modelmapper</groupId>
            <artifactId>modelmapper</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.javatuples</groupId>
            <artifactId>javatuples</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-mongodb</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.springfox</groupId>
            <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.json</groupId>
            <artifactId>json</artifactId>
            <version>20180130</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
            <artifactId>bcpkix-jdk15on</artifactId>
            <version>1.50</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
            <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.zenvia</groupId>
            <artifactId>zenvia-api-sdk-client-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
            <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mashape.unirest</groupId>
            <artifactId>unirest-java</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.microsoft.azure</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-storage</artifactId>
            <version>8.4.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
            <artifactId>reactor-core</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
            <artifactId>netty-handler</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.68.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
            <version>4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>joda-time</groupId>
            <artifactId>joda-time</artifactId>
            <version>2.10.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.12.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.github.techgnious</groupId>
            <artifactId>IVCompressor</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>core</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.jai-imageio</groupId>
            <artifactId>jai-imageio-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jcraft</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsch</artifactId>
            <version>0.1.55</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.32</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.logstash.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logstash-logback-encoder</artifactId>
            <version>6.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

创建的KeyClient无法执行任何功能，调用时服务会抛出异常，请问该如何解决此问题？

解决建议

移除azure-core中对jackson-core的排除配置：Azure SDK严重依赖Jackson进行序列化/反序列化，排除jackson-core会导致内部类无法正常处理JSON数据，引发缺少注解类的错误。直接删除azure-core依赖里的exclusions块即可。
统一Spring Boot版本依赖：当前pom中混合了不同版本的Spring组件（比如spring-boot-starter-amqp用1.5.8，spring-web用5.2.4），版本不一致会导致类加载冲突，影响Azure SDK的正常工作。建议使用Spring Boot的依赖管理来统一所有Spring相关组件的版本。
检查DefaultAzureCredential的配置：确保运行环境中配置了正确的Azure身份认证参数（比如环境变量、Azure CLI登录、托管身份等），DefaultAzureCredential需要这些配置才能正常获取访问Key Vault的权限，否则会导致认证失败，看似是客户端内部错误。
替换旧版Azure依赖：当前使用的azure-storage是8.4.0的旧版本，和新版azure-security-keyvault-keys可能存在依赖冲突，建议升级到新版的azure-storage-blob或对应组件，或者移除不需要的旧Azure依赖。
简化KeyClient创建代码：代码中重复创建了CreateEcKeyOptions对象，直接复用之前创建的keyOptions并设置过期时间即可，减少不必要的对象创建，避免潜在的初始化问题。修改后的代码片段如下：

CreateEcKeyOptions keyOptions = new CreateEcKeyOptions(keyName);
keyOptions.setCurveName(KeyCurveName.P_256);
keyOptions.setExpiresOn(OffsetDateTime.now().plusYears(1));
KeyVaultKey ecKey = keyClient.createEcKey(keyOptions);

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lucas Penna