mpirun无法导入已安装Qiskit包的问题求助

问题描述 #

• 用python3 test-mpi.py可正常执行Qiskit代码，但直接用mpirun调用时出现SegmentationFault错误及权限提示
• 用sudo mpirun --allow-run-as-root python3 test-mpi.py执行时，出现ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'qiskit.providers.aer'，该模块已安装且普通执行可用，此错误在系统重启后出现

sudo mpirun报错信息 #

sudo mpirun --allow-run-as-root python3 test-mpi.py

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dell/qiskit-aer-main/demo-files/test-mpi.py", line 3, in <module>
from qiskit.providers.aer import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'qiskit.providers.aer'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dell/qiskit-aer-main/demo-files/test-mpi.py", line 3, in <module>
from qiskit.providers.aer import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'qiskit.providers.aer'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dell/qiskit-aer-main/demo-files/test-mpi.py", line 3, in <module>
from qiskit.providers.aer import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'qiskit.providers.aer'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/dell/qiskit-aer-main/demo-files/test-mpi.py", line 3, in <module>
from qiskit.providers.aer import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'qiskit.providers.aer'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Primary job  terminated normally, but 1 process returned
a non-zero exit code. Per user-direction, the job has been aborted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
mpirun detected that one or more processes exited with non-zero status, thus causing
the job to be terminated. The first process to do so was:

Process name: [[51849,1],0]
Exit code:    1

测试代码 #

from qiskit import *
from qiskit.circuit.library import *
from qiskit.providers.aer import *
sim = AerSimulator(method='statevector')
shots = 100
depth=10
qubits = 35
circuit = transpile(QuantumVolume(qubits, depth, seed=0),
backend=sim,
optimization_level=0)
circuit.measure_all()
result = execute(circuit,sim,shots=shots,seed_simulator=12345).result()
if result.to_dict()['metadata']['mpi_rank'] == 0:
    print (result.to_dict()['metadata'])

普通执行正常输出 #

python3 test-mpi.py

{'time_taken_execute': 0.222742047, 'mpi_rank': 0, 'time_taken_parameter_binding': 8.8427e-05, 'num_mpi_processes': 1, 'num_processes_per_experiments': 1, 'omp_enabled': True, 'max_gpu_memory_mb': 0, 'max_memory_mb': 15903, 'parallel_experiments': 1}

解决建议 #

1. 解决sudo mpirun的模块找不到问题 #

• 保留用户环境变量执行：用sudo -E mpirun --allow-run-as-root python3 test-mpi.py，-E参数会让root继承当前普通用户的环境变量（包括PYTHONPATH），从而找到已安装的Qiskit模块
• 指定普通用户的Python路径：先执行which python3获取普通用户的Python绝对路径，比如得到/home/dell/.local/bin/python3，然后用sudo mpirun --allow-run-as-root /home/dell/.local/bin/python3 test-mpi.py
• 不推荐给root单独安装Qiskit，避免环境混乱

2. 解决mpirun直接执行的SegmentationFault与权限问题 #

• 检查MPI版本兼容性：执行mpirun --version查看系统MPI版本，若Qiskit Aer是源码编译的，需确认编译时使用的MPI版本与系统版本一致，不一致则重新编译Aer并指定系统MPI路径
• 修复权限问题：确保普通用户对当前工作目录、临时文件目录（如/tmp）有读写权限，可执行chmod -R 755 /home/dell/qiskit-aer-main/demo-files调整目录权限
• 减少MPI进程数测试：尝试用mpirun -n 2 python3 test-mpi.py指定少量进程运行，排查是否是多进程资源冲突导致的段错误

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者aneela