在RedHat上编译Tesseract 5.3.3与Leptonica 1.84.1时出现未定义引用错误

问题描述 #

安装Leptonica后编译Tesseract，执行make命令时出现大量Leptonica相关函数的未定义引用错误，核心错误信息如下：

CXXLD    tesseract
/usr/bin/ld: src/tesseract-tesseract.o: in function `main':
tesseract.cpp:(.text.startup+0xdd): undefined reference to `setMsgSeverity'
/usr/bin/ld: tesseract.cpp:(.text.startup+0x296): undefined reference to `getLeptonicaVersion'
...
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make[1]: *** [Makefile:4481: tesseract] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/opt/tesseract/tesseract-5.3.3'
make: *** [Makefile:8199: all-recursive] Error 1

复现环境与步骤 #

• 环境：Windows通过WSL使用Docker容器，测试过RedHat ubi9和Ubuntu镜像，均出现相同错误
• 操作步骤：
  1. 启动Docker容器：

     docker container run  -v /mnt/d/:/mnt -it --rm redhat/ubi9:latest
     

  2. 容器内安装依赖并编译Leptonica：

     yum install gcc-c++
     yum install -y libtool autoconf automake libpng-devel libtiff-devel libwebp-devel openjpeg2 libjpeg-devel libjpeg-turbo giflib zlib-devel libarchive libcurl-devel
     yum install sudo
     sudo dnf install wget
     sudo yum install zip unzip
     yum install autoconf-archive
     wget https://github.com/DanBloomberg/leptonica/releases/download/1.84.1/leptonica-1.84.1.tar.gz
     mv leptonica-1.84.1.tar.gz ./opt/tesseract
     gunzip leptonica-1.84.1.tar.gz
     tar -xvf leptonica-1.84.1.tar
     cd leptonica-1.84.1
     mkdir build
     cd build
     ../configure
     make
     sudo make install
     make -j4 check
     

  3. 编译Tesseract（出错阶段）：

     cd /opt/tesseract/
     wget https://github.com/tesseract-ocr/tesseract/archive/refs/tags/5.3.3.tar.gz
     gunzip 5.3.3.tar.gz 
     tar -xvf 5.3.3.tar 
     rm 5.3.3.tar
     cd tesseract-5.3.3/
     export LEPTONICA_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/leptonica"
     export LEPTONICA_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lib/"
     export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig"
     export CXXFLAGS="-I/usr/include -I/usr/include/libpng16 -I/usr/include/leptonica -lpng -ljpeg -lz"
     export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/lib"
     export LIBLEPT_HEADERSDIR="/usr/include/leptonica"
     ./autogen.sh
     LIBLEPT_HEADERSDIR=/usr/local/include/leptonica ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ --with-extra-libraries=/usr/local/lib
     make
     

解决方案 #

核心问题分析 #

• LEPTONICA_LIBS仅指定了库路径，未明确要链接的Leptonica库（-llept），导致链接器无法找到对应函数实现
• 安装Leptonica后未更新系统动态库缓存，系统可能无法识别新安装的库
• CXXFLAGS中错误添加了链接阶段的参数（-lpng等），编译与链接参数混用导致配置异常

修正步骤 #

1. 安装Leptonica后更新动态库缓存
   在Leptonica执行sudo make install后，添加：

   sudo ldconfig
   

2. 修正Tesseract编译的环境变量
   清理错误的环境变量，重新设置正确的参数：

   cd /opt/tesseract/tesseract-5.3.3/
   make clean  # 清理之前的编译残留
   export LEPTONICA_CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include/leptonica"
   export LEPTONICA_LIBS="-L/usr/local/lib -llept"  # 添加-llept指定链接Leptonica库
   export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH"
   unset CXXFLAGS  # 移除错误的编译参数
   unset LDFLAGS
   export LIBLEPT_HEADERSDIR="/usr/local/include/leptonica"
   

3. 重新执行配置与编译

   ./autogen.sh
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/
   make
   sudo make install
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者ankur kapoor