使用PyInstaller打包含Playwright Firefox驱动的脚本遇libmozsandbox.so缺失问题

问题描述 #

打包集成Playwright Firefox驱动的Python脚本时，运行生成的可执行文件出现以下错误：

libmozsandbox.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

最简示例代码：

import time
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, TimeoutError

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.firefox.launch(headless=True)
    
    context = browser.new_context(
        viewport={"width": 1280, "height": 900}
    )
    page = context.new_page()

    page.goto("https://www.python.org/")
    time.sleep(10)

已尝试的操作：

• 带/不带--with-deps选项安装Firefox（命令：PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=0 playwright install firefox）
• 带/不带PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=0参数安装Firefox
• 在.launch()中传入args=['--no-sandbox']启动Firefox

替换为Chromium打包运行一切正常，问题仅针对Firefox。

解决方案 #

方案1：手动复制Firefox依赖并指定二进制路径

1. 查看Playwright安装的Firefox路径：

   playwright install --dry-run firefox
   

   输出会显示类似~/.cache/ms-playwright/firefox-xxx/的路径。

2. 修改脚本，指定Firefox二进制文件相对路径（打包后生效）：

   with sync_playwright() as p:
       browser = p.firefox.launch(
           headless=True,
           executable_path="./firefox/firefox"
       )
       # 后续代码不变
   

3. 打包完成后，将Firefox整个安装目录复制到可执行文件所在目录，并重命名为firefox。

方案2：用PyInstaller的--add-data参数打包Firefox依赖

1. 打包时添加--add-data参数，将Firefox目录嵌入到打包文件中：

   pyinstaller -y --onefile --add-data "~/.cache/ms-playwright/firefox-xxx/:firefox" tool.py
   

   注意替换xxx为实际的Firefox版本号。

2. 修改脚本，动态获取打包后的Firefox路径：

   import sys
   import os
   from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, TimeoutError
   
   def get_firefox_executable():
       if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
           # 打包后的运行环境
           return os.path.join(sys._MEIPASS, 'firefox', 'firefox')
       else:
           # 开发环境
           with sync_playwright() as p:
               return p.firefox.executable_path
   
   with sync_playwright() as p:
       browser = p.firefox.launch(
           headless=True,
           executable_path=get_firefox_executable()
       )
       # 后续代码不变
   

方案3：禁用Firefox沙箱（适合测试/内部场景）

通过设置环境变量和启动参数彻底禁用沙箱，避免依赖libmozsandbox.so：

import os
import time
from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright, TimeoutError

# 设置环境变量禁用沙箱
os.environ['MOZ_DISABLE_SANDBOX'] = '1'

with sync_playwright() as p:
    browser = p.firefox.launch(
        headless=True,
        args=['--no-sandbox']
    )
    # 后续代码不变

重新打包后运行即可，该方法无需额外复制文件，但会降低浏览器安全性，不建议在生产环境使用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者datawookie