Eclipse中Processing结合JavaFX运行报错问题求助

我在Eclipse里尝试把Processing和JavaFX结合运行Java应用，碰到两类错误，几年前操作没这么麻烦：

错误1：未引入JavaFX时的报错 #

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javafx/scene/transform/Transform
at java.base/java.lang.Class.getDeclaredConstructors0(Native Method)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.privateGetDeclaredConstructors(Class.java:3373)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.getConstructor0(Class.java:3578)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.getConstructor(Class.java:2271)
at processing.core.PApplet.makeGraphics(PApplet.java:2265)
at processing.core.PApplet.createPrimaryGraphics(PApplet.java:2345)
at processing.core.PApplet.initSurface(PApplet.java:10983)
at processing.core.PApplet.runSketch(PApplet.java:10922)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10657)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10639)
at Exercise2.DrawThisInput.main(DrawThisInput.java:102)

Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javafx.scene.transform.Transform
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:525)
... 11 more

错误2：引入JavaFX相关Jar包后的报错 #

Graphics Device initialization failed for :  d3d, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer.getInstance(QuantumRenderer.java:283)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.init(QuantumToolkit.java:253)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:263)
at com.sun.javafx.perf.PerformanceTracker.logEvent(PerformanceTracker.java:100)
at javafx.scene.Node.<clinit>(Node.java:417)
at processing.javafx.PGraphicsFX2D$FontCache.<init>(PGraphicsFX2D.java:1391)
at processing.javafx.PGraphicsFX2D.<init>(PGraphicsFX2D.java:1294)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480)
at processing.core.PApplet.makeGraphics(PApplet.java:2266)
at processing.core.PApplet.createPrimaryGraphics(PApplet.java:2345)
at processing.core.PApplet.initSurface(PApplet.java:10983)
at processing.core.PApplet.runSketch(PApplet.java:10922)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10657)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10639)
at Exercise2.DrawThisInput.main(DrawThisInput.java:102)


Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.init(QuantumRenderer.java:95)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:125)
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:840)


java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
at processing.javafx.PGraphicsFX2D$FontCache.<init>(PGraphicsFX2D.java:1391)
at processing.javafx.PGraphicsFX2D.<init>(PGraphicsFX2D.java:1294)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:77)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480)
at processing.core.PApplet.makeGraphics(PApplet.java:2266)
at processing.core.PApplet.createPrimaryGraphics(PApplet.java:2345)
at processing.core.PApplet.initSurface(PApplet.java:10983)
at processing.core.PApplet.runSketch(PApplet.java:10922)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10657)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10639)
at Exercise2.DrawThisInput.main(DrawThisInput.java:102)


Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found
at com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:275)
at com.sun.javafx.perf.PerformanceTracker.logEvent(PerformanceTracker.java:100)
at javafx.scene.Node.<clinit>(Node.java:417)
... 14 more



java.lang.RuntimeException
at processing.core.PApplet.makeGraphics(PApplet.java:2299)
at processing.core.PApplet.createPrimaryGraphics(PApplet.java:2345)
at processing.core.PApplet.initSurface(PApplet.java:10983)
at processing.core.PApplet.runSketch(PApplet.java:10922)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10657)
at processing.core.PApplet.main(PApplet.java:10639)
at Exercise2.DrawThisInput.main(DrawThisInput.java:102)

我的代码是基于旧版本开发的，想问这是JavaFX版本太新导致的，还是其他原因？

错误原因拆解 #

1. 第一个错误：类缺失：JavaFX从JDK 11开始就从JDK中剥离为独立模块，所以未引入时找不到javafx.scene.transform.Transform是环境依赖缺失的正常情况，和版本新旧无关，纯粹是没加依赖。
2. 第二个错误：渲染管线失败：这确实和版本不匹配有关，同时也和你引入JavaFX的方式错误有关：
   • 旧版Processing代码大概率是基于JavaFX 8开发的，如果你用了JavaFX 11+的新版本，API和底层实现有不少变化，兼容性会出问题。
   • 你只添加了JavaFX的Jar包，但JavaFX 11+需要对应平台的原生库（比如Windows的.dll、Linux的.so）才能启动渲染管线，只加Jar包根本跑不起来。

具体解决步骤 #

• 版本匹配优先：直接用和旧代码兼容的JavaFX版本，比如JavaFX 8（和JDK 8绑定，自带原生库，配置简单），或者查你使用的Processing版本官方推荐的JavaFX版本，确保二者版本对齐。
• 正确引入JavaFX：
  • 如果用JavaFX 8：直接把JDK 8自带的JavaFX相关Jar包加到项目的类路径（Class Path）即可，不需要额外VM参数。
  • 如果坚持用JavaFX 11+：不能只加Jar包，要在Eclipse中配置模块路径（Module Path），导入完整的JavaFX SDK；同时在运行配置里添加VM参数：

    --module-path "你的JavaFX SDK路径/lib" --add-modules javafx.controls,javafx.graphics,javafx.swing
    

• 检查Processing版本：确认你的Processing版本支持当前JavaFX版本，旧版Processing可能仅兼容JavaFX 8，强行用新版本必然报错。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者KMM