Jenkins运行Selenium任务时出现ChromeDriver路径不存在错误

在Azure服务器的Docker容器中运行Jenkins，执行Selenium任务时抛出如下错误：

[Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/root/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/120.0.6099.109/chromedriver'

File "/var/jenkins_home/workspace/Historical Volume Job/cronjobs/extractCookies.py", line 34, in extract_cookie
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 45, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 53, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 105, in start
    self._start_process(self._path)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 207, in _start_process
    self.process = subprocess.Popen(
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 1026, in __init__
    self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.11/subprocess.py", line 1950, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/root/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/120.0.6099.109/chromedriver'

已确认该文件确实存在于指定路径，本地运行正常，Jenkins传递给Python subprocess的命令为：['/root/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/120.0.6099.109/chromedriver', '--port=47841']

解决方法 #

• 修复文件权限：Jenkins默认以jenkins用户运行，该用户无权限访问/root/.cache/目录。执行以下命令修改权限：

  chmod -R 755 /root/.cache/selenium/
  chmod +x /root/.cache/selenium/chromedriver/linux64/120.0.6099.109/chromedriver
  

  或者直接将chromedriver复制到/var/jenkins_home/等Jenkins可访问的路径下。

• 调整Jenkins运行用户：如果允许，可修改Jenkins任务以root用户执行，或调整Jenkins服务的运行用户为root（注意安全风险），避免权限隔离问题。

• 显式指定chromedriver路径：放弃依赖Selenium自动下载的路径，手动下载对应版本的chromedriver到Jenkins工作目录，代码中显式声明路径：

  from selenium import webdriver
  from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
  
  service = Service(executable_path='/var/jenkins_home/chromedriver')
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)
  

• 检查容器内Chrome依赖：chromedriver需要对应版本的Chrome浏览器才能运行，确认Docker容器中已安装Chrome（以Debian/Ubuntu为例）：

  apt-get update && apt-get install -y chromium-browser
  

• 验证版本兼容性：确保chromedriver版本与容器内安装的Chrome版本完全匹配，版本不匹配也会触发类似找不到文件的错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mukul Agarwal