执行sudo cordova build android报错，找不到Android Build Tools 33.0.2

问题场景 #

创建Hello World Cordova应用并添加Android平台后，执行sudo cordova build android时触发Build Tools 33.0.2未找到的错误，尽管已在zshrc中配置了ANDROID_HOME/ANDROID_SDK_ROOT，且已安装对应版本的Build Tools。

错误日志 #

Checking Java JDK and Android SDK versions
ANDROID_HOME=undefined (recommended setting)
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=undefined (DEPRECATED)
Using Android SDK: /opt/homebrew/Caskroom/android-platform-tools/33.0.3
Subproject Path: CordovaLib
Subproject Path: app

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

• Where:
  Script '/Users/v002024/Documents/cordova/hello/platforms/android/CordovaLib/cordova.gradle' line: 69

• What went wrong:
  A problem occurred evaluating script.

No installed build tools found. Please install the Android build tools version 33.0.2.

• Try:

Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
Run with --scan to get full insights.

当前zshrc配置 #

export PATH="/Users/v002024/FlutterDev/flutter/bin:$PATH"
export PATH="$PATH":"$HOME/.pub-cache/bin"
export JAVA_HOME="/Users/v002024/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/corretto-1.8.0_382/Contents/Home"
export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/Users/v002024/Library/Android/sdk
export ANDROID_HOME=/Users/v002024/Library/Android/sdk
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/tools/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/emulator

已确认信息 #

• VS Code中执行echo $ANDROID_HOME/echo $ANDROID_SDK_ROOT可正常输出配置路径
• 已安装SDK Build Tools 33.0.2
• 拥有API 33版本的Nexus 6模拟器

解决步骤 #

1. 取消sudo执行cordova命令 #

sudo会切换到root用户环境，不会加载普通用户的zshrc配置，导致ANDROID_HOME等变量无法被识别。直接执行：

cordova build android

若遇权限问题，调整项目目录权限：

sudo chown -R $USER:$GROUP /Users/v002024/Documents/cordova/hello

2. 验证Build Tools安装状态 #

检查SDK目录下是否存在目标版本的Build Tools：

ls /Users/v002024/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/

• 若不存在：打开Android Studio的SDK Manager，重新安装SDK Build Tools 33.0.2
• 若存在：确认路径权限，确保当前用户有读取权限：

ls -ld /Users/v002024/Library/Android/sdk/build-tools/33.0.2/

3. 刷新环境变量 #

执行命令让zshrc配置立即生效：

source ~/.zshrc

之后重新执行cordova build android。

4. 重新添加Android平台 #

若上述步骤无效，尝试重置Android平台：

cordova platform remove android
cordova platform add android@latest

或指定对应SDK版本的平台：

cordova platform add android@12.0.0

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hoa.Tran