如何在Windows下用Python执行Linux命令？解决换行符兼容问题

背景 #

我需要研究如何用Python执行Linux命令。由于使用Windows系统，需先执行wsl切换到微软商店下载的Ubuntu发行版。我不是Python程序员，目前是Java实习生，该Python脚本最终会部署在Linux机器上，但当前只能用这种方式测试。

问题 #

尝试逐个执行命令列表中的命令时，每个命令末尾都会出现回车符（\r）。原因是Windows DOS使用\r\n作为行结束符，而Linux仅使用\n。

原Python脚本：

import subprocess


commands=["ls -al ~","pwd"]

# Initialize the WSL process
process = subprocess.Popen("wsl", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
# Execute each command in WSL
for command in commands:
    process.stdin.write((command)+"\n")
    
# Close the stdin and wait for the process to complete
process.stdin.close()
process.wait()
# Read and print the response from WSL
output = process.stdout.read()
print("WSL:", output)

错误输出：

WSL: ls: cannot access '~'$'\r': No such file or directory
-bash: line 2: $'pwd\r': command not found

解决方案1 #

write方法会自动把\n转换为\r\n，可通过指定newline=''避免这种转换，代码如下：

import subprocess

commands=["ls -al ~","pwd"]

# Initialize the WSL process
process = subprocess.Popen("wsl", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
# Execute each command in WSL
with open(process.stdin.fileno(), mode='w', newline='') as f:
    for command in commands:
        f.write((command)+'\n')

# Read and print the response from WSL
output = process.stdout.read()
print("WSL:", output)

提问者自行解决的方案2 #

通过subprocess.run单独执行每个命令，配合shlex.split解析命令参数，避免行结束符问题，代码如下：

import subprocess
import shlex

# Define a list of commands
commands = ["ls -al ~", "pwd", "pwd"]

# Initialize the WSL process and execute each command
for command in commands:
    command_list = shlex.split(command)
    # 在Linux环境运行时移除['wsl']
    # 默认假设shell是bash，若不是可替换'wsl'为对应shell（如'bash'）
    result = subprocess.run(['wsl'] + command_list, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
    print("WSL:", result.stdout)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Hussain Ahmed Siddiqui