如何使用sed命令替换变量中存储的文件路径

Let's break down why your sed command isn't working and get it sorted out quickly.

The Root Problems #

You're hitting two main issues here:

1. Your variable isn't storing the right path: When you defined replace with double quotes, bash interpreted the \ as an escaped space—so your variable actually holds New Volume (no backslash) instead of the New\ Volume that's in your script. That's why sed can't find a match.
2. Special characters in your path are messing with sed: The / in your paths is sed's default delimiter, so when you plug the variable into the sed command, it's breaking the syntax.

Step-by-Step Fix #

1. First, Define Your Variables Correctly #

Use single quotes to preserve the backslash in your path (bash won't parse escape sequences inside single quotes):

replace='/run/media/nnice/New\ Volume/FILES/Softwares/HTTP/Downloads/'
replacewith='/home/nnice/Windows/D/FILES/Softwares/HTTP/Downloads/'

If you prefer double quotes, you need to escape the backslash itself (so bash stores a single backslash in the variable):

replace="/run/media/nnice/New\\ Volume/FILES/Softwares/HTTP/Downloads/"
replacewith="/home/nnice/Windows/D/FILES/Softwares/HTTP/Downloads/"

2. Use a Different Delimiter in sed #

Since your paths are full of /, switch to a delimiter that doesn't appear in your paths—like | (pipe). This avoids having to escape every / in your variables.

First, test the replacement without modifying the file to make sure it works:

sed "s|$replace|$replacewith|g" script.sh

If you see the correct path changes in the output, go ahead and modify the file with the -i flag:

sed -i "s|$replace|$replacewith|g" script.sh

Alternative: Escape Special Characters (For Any Delimiter) #

If you ever need to use the default / delimiter, or your path contains the delimiter you chose, you can escape the special characters in your variables first:

# Escape / and & (common sed special chars) in both variables
escaped_replace=$(printf '%s' "$replace" | sed 's/[\/&]/\\&/g')
escaped_replacewith=$(printf '%s' "$replacewith" | sed 's/[\/&]/\\&/g')

# Now run the sed command
sed -i "s/$escaped_replace/$escaped_replacewith/g" script.sh

Full Working Example #

Here's the complete sequence to run:

# Set variables correctly
replace='/run/media/nnice/New\ Volume/FILES/Softwares/HTTP/Downloads/'
replacewith='/home/nnice/Windows/D/FILES/Softwares/HTTP/Downloads/'

# Preview changes
sed "s|$replace|$replacewith|g" script.sh

# Apply changes to the file
sed -i "s|$replace|$replacewith|g" script.sh

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nitin Kumar