如何在VS2022编译时屏蔽Windows Implementation Library警告

问题描述 #

使用VS2022编译项目时，出现大量来自Windows Implementation Library（WIL）的警告，这些警告并非源于自身源代码，且数量过多已导致IntelliSense频繁崩溃。

警告示例 #

Severity    Code    Description Project File    Line    Suppression State   Details
Warning C26432  If you define or delete any default operation in the type 'class wistd::unique_ptr<wchar_t [0],struct wil::function_deleter<void (__stdcall*)(void *),&void __stdcall CoTaskMemFree(void *)> >', define or delete them all (c.21).  Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_memory.h    783     
Warning C26432  If you define or delete any default operation in the type 'class wistd::unique_ptr<wchar_t [0],struct wil::cotaskmem_secure_deleter>', define or delete them all (c.21).    Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_memory.h    783     
Warning C26447  The function is declared 'noexcept' but calls function 'operator()<void>()' which may throw exceptions (f.6).   Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_memory.h    576     
Warning C26432  If you define or delete any default operation in the type 'class wistd::unique_ptr<void,struct wil::process_heap_deleter>', define or delete them all (c.21).   Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_memory.h    524     
Warning C26432  If you define or delete any default operation in the type 'class wistd::unique_ptr<struct wil::details::event_watcher_state,struct wistd::default_delete<struct wil::details::event_watcher_state> >', define or delete them all (c.21).    Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_memory.h    524     
Warning C26477  Use 'nullptr' rather than 0 or NULL (es.47).    Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_functional.h    391     
Warning C26477  Use 'nullptr' rather than 0 or NULL (es.47).    Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_functional.h    385     
Warning C26440  Function 'wistd::function<void __cdecl(void)>::__as_base' can be declared 'noexcept' (f.6). Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_functional.h    294     
Warning C26432  If you define or delete any default operation in the type 'class wistd::__function::__base<void __cdecl(void)>', define or delete them all (c.21).  Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_functional.h    216     
Warning C26440  Function 'wistd::__throw_bad_function_call' can be declared 'noexcept' (f.6).   Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\wistd_functional.h    141     
Warning C26440  Function 'wil::err_exception_policy::OK' can be declared 'noexcept' (f.6).  Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\result_macros.h   7257        
Warning C26429  Symbol 'ph' is never tested for nullness, it can be marked as not_null (f.23).  Meeting Schedule Assistant  D:\My Programs\2022\MeetSchedAssist\packages\Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary.1.0.231216.1\include\wil\result_macros.h   7236        

解决方案 #

方法1：精准禁用特定警告 #

• 全局项目设置：
  1. 右键项目 → 打开属性
  2. 进入配置属性 → C/C++ → 高级
  3. 在禁用特定警告栏中添加需要屏蔽的警告码，用分号分隔：C26432;C26447;C26477;C26440;C26429
• 局部头文件包裹：
  若不想全局禁用，可在包含WIL头文件前后用编译指令临时屏蔽警告：

  #pragma warning(push)
  #pragma warning(disable: C26432 C26447 C26477 C26440 C26429)
  #include <wil/wistd_memory.h>
  #include <wil/wistd_functional.h>
  // 其他WIL头文件
  #pragma warning(pop)
  

方法2：更新WIL库到最新版本 #

WIL开发团队会持续修复库内的代码分析警告问题，通过NuGet包管理器将Microsoft.Windows.ImplementationLibrary更新至最新版本，多数情况下能消除这类内置警告。

方法3：调整代码分析范围 #

1. 打开项目属性 → 配置属性 → 代码分析 → 常规
2. 选择代码分析模式为仅运行内置检查，或降低分析级别；若VS版本支持，勾选排除第三方代码选项，避免对WIL这类外部库执行深度分析。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Andrew Truckle