如何通过Python的WMI模块获取显卡SubVendor信息？

WMI的Win32_VideoController确实不提供SubVendor信息，要获取这个数据，得直接读取PCI设备的底层信息或者访问Windows注册表，以下是两种可行方案：

方案1：通过Windows SetupAPI（ctypes实现） #

Windows的SetupDi系列函数可以枚举所有PCI设备，读取显卡的SubVendor ID，再映射为厂商名称。

代码示例 #

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes

# 定义SetupAPI所需的结构体和函数
SetupDiGetClassDevs = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
    wintypes.HANDLE,
    wintypes.LPCGUID,
    wintypes.LPCWSTR,
    wintypes.HWND,
    wintypes.DWORD
)(("SetupDiGetClassDevW", ctypes.WinDLL("setupapi.dll")))

SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
    wintypes.BOOL,
    wintypes.HANDLE,
    wintypes.DWORD,
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.SP_DEVINFO_DATA)
)(("SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo", ctypes.WinDLL("setupapi.dll")))

SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
    wintypes.BOOL,
    wintypes.HANDLE,
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.SP_DEVINFO_DATA),
    wintypes.DWORD,
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD),
    wintypes.PBYTE,
    wintypes.DWORD,
    ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
)(("SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyW", ctypes.WinDLL("setupapi.dll")))

SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
    wintypes.BOOL,
    wintypes.HANDLE
)(("SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList", ctypes.WinDLL("setupapi.dll")))

# PCI显卡类GUID
GUID_DEVCLASS_DISPLAY = wintypes.GUID("{4d36e968-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}")
SPDRP_HARDWAREID = 0x00000001
DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x00000002

# SubVendor ID到厂商名称的映射表（可根据需求补充）
subvendor_map = {
    "1462": "MSI",
    "3842": "EVGA",
    "1682": "XFX",
    "1043": "ASUS",
    "10DE": "NVIDIA",
    "1028": "Dell",
    "103C": "HP"
}

def get_gpu_subvendors():
    subvendors = []
    # 获取所有当前存在的显示设备
    hdevinfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ctypes.byref(GUID_DEVCLASS_DISPLAY), None, None, DIGCF_PRESENT)
    if hdevinfo == wintypes.HANDLE(-1).value:
        return subvendors
    
    devinfo_data = wintypes.SP_DEVINFO_DATA()
    devinfo_data.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(devinfo_data)
    
    index = 0
    while SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hdevinfo, index, ctypes.byref(devinfo_data)):
        # 获取HardwareID长度
        buf_size = wintypes.DWORD(0)
        SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(hdevinfo, ctypes.byref(devinfo_data), SPDRP_HARDWAREID, None, None, 0, ctypes.byref(buf_size))
        
        # 分配缓冲区并读取HardwareID
        buf = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(buf_size.value)
        if SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(hdevinfo, ctypes.byref(devinfo_data), SPDRP_HARDWAREID, None, ctypes.cast(buf, wintypes.PBYTE), buf_size.value, None):
            hardware_ids = buf.value.split('\0')
            for hw_id in hardware_ids:
                if hw_id.startswith("PCI\\VEN_"):
                    parts = hw_id.split('&')
                    subsys_part = next((p for p in parts if p.startswith("SUBSYS_")), None)
                    if subsys_part:
                        # SUBSYS_YYYYXXXX，前四位是SubVendor ID
                        subvendor_id = subsys_part[6:10]
                        vendor_name = subvendor_map.get(subvendor_id, f"Unknown (ID: {subvendor_id})")
                        subvendors.append(vendor_name)
                        break
        index += 1
    
    SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hdevinfo)
    return list(set(subvendors))  # 去重

if __name__ == "__main__":
    gpu_vendors = get_gpu_subvendors()
    for vendor in gpu_vendors:
        print(f"显卡SubVendor: {vendor}")

方案2：读取Windows注册表 #

显卡的硬件信息会存在注册表的HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\PCI路径下，我们可以遍历该路径下的显示设备项，提取SubVendor ID并映射名称。

代码示例 #

import winreg

# SubVendor ID到厂商名称的映射表（同方案1）
subvendor_map = {
    "1462": "MSI",
    "3842": "EVGA",
    "1682": "XFX",
    "1043": "ASUS",
    "10DE": "NVIDIA",
    "1028": "Dell",
    "103C": "HP"
}

def get_gpu_subvendors_from_registry():
    subvendors = []
    pci_path = r"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Enum\PCI"
    
    try:
        with winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, pci_path) as pci_key:
            index = 0
            while True:
                try:
                    # 遍历PCI设备子项
                    dev_key_name = winreg.EnumKey(pci_key, index)
                    dev_path = f"{pci_path}\\{dev_key_name}"
                    with winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, dev_path) as dev_key:
                        sub_index = 0
                        while True:
                            try:
                                # 遍历设备的实例项
                                inst_key_name = winreg.EnumKey(dev_key, sub_index)
                                inst_path = f"{dev_path}\\{inst_key_name}"
                                with winreg.OpenKey(winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, inst_path) as inst_key:
                                    # 获取硬件ID
                                    hardware_ids, _ = winreg.QueryValueEx(inst_key, "HardwareID")
                                    for hw_id in hardware_ids:
                                        if hw_id.startswith("PCI\\VEN_"):
                                            parts = hw_id.split('&')
                                            subsys_part = next((p for p in parts if p.startswith("SUBSYS_")), None)
                                            if subsys_part:
                                                subvendor_id = subsys_part[6:10]
                                                vendor_name = subvendor_map.get(subvendor_id, f"Unknown (ID: {subvendor_id})")
                                                subvendors.append(vendor_name)
                                                break
                                sub_index += 1
                            except OSError:
                                break
                    index += 1
                except OSError:
                    break
    except WindowsError:
        return subvendors
    
    return list(set(subvendors))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    gpu_vendors = get_gpu_subvendors_from_registry()
    for vendor in gpu_vendors:
        print(f"显卡SubVendor: {vendor}")

补充说明 #

• 两种方案都依赖SubVendor ID到名称的映射表，你可以根据需要补充更多厂商的ID（可通过GPU-Z查看对应显卡的SubVendor ID，或者查询PCI SIG的官方数据库）。
• GPU-Z这类工具本质也是通过读取PCI配置空间或注册表来获取SubVendor信息，和上述方案原理一致。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sokoloft