Windows环境下Node.js TS项目Mocha测试配置报错求助

环境信息 #

• Node.js 18.14.0
• pnpm 8.14.0
• Windows 操作系统
• 背景：Python转Node.js开发，正在构建REST API，配置Mocha自动化测试

问题1：使用swc-node加载器执行测试失败 #

package.json中的test命令 #

"test": "cross-env SWCRC=true NODE_OPTIONS='--loader @swc-node/register/esm' mocha ./src/tests/**/*.test.ts"

执行pnpm test后的错误日志 #

> cross-env SWCRC=true NODE_OPTIONS='--loader @swc-node/register/esm' mocha ./src/tests/**/*.test.ts

The system cannot find the path specified.
node:events:491
      throw er; // Unhandled 'error' event
      ^

Error: spawn @swc-node\register\esm ENOENT
    at notFoundError (PATH_TO_FOLDER\Nodejs_tutorials\node_modules\.pnpm\cross-spawn@7.0.3\node_modules\cross-spawn\lib\enoent.js:6:26)
    at verifyENOENT (PATH_TO_FOLDER\Nodejs_tutorials\node_modules\.pnpm\cross-spawn@7.0.3\node_modules\cross-spawn\lib\enoent.js:40:16)
    at cp.emit (PATH_TO_FOLDER\Nodejs_tutorials\node_modules\.pnpm\cross-spawn@7.0.3\node_modules\cross-spawn\lib\enoent.js:27:25)
    at ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:291:12)
Emitted 'error' event on ChildProcess instance at:
    at cp.emit (PATH_TO_FOLDER\Nodejs_tutorials\node_modules\.pnpm\cross-spawn@7.0.3\node_modules\cross-spawn\lib\enoent.js:30:37)
    at ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:291:12) {
  code: 'ENOENT',
  errno: 'ENOENT',
  syscall: 'spawn @swc-node\\register\\esm',
  path: '@swc-node\\register\\esm',
  spawnargs: [ 'mocha', './src/tests/**/*.test.ts' ]        
}

Node.js v18.14.0
 ELIFECYCLE  Test failed. See above for more details.

问题2：改用ts-node加载器执行测试失败 #

执行命令 #

pnpm mocha --loader ts-node/esm .\src\tests\handlers\user.handler.test.ts

错误日志 #

PS PATH_TO_FOLDER\Nodejs_tutorials> pnpm mocha --loader ts-node/esm .\src\tests\handlers\user.handler.test.ts
(node:9336) ExperimentalWarning: Custom ESM Loaders is an experimental feature and might change at any time
(Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
node:internal/errors:490
    ErrorCaptureStackTrace(err);
    ^

Error [ERR_UNSUPPORTED_ESM_URL_SCHEME]: Only URLs with a scheme in: file and data are supported by the default ESM loader. On Windows, absolute paths must be valid file:// URLs. Received protocol 'c:'
    at new NodeError (node:internal/errors:399:5)
    at throwIfUnsupportedURLScheme (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:1059:11)
    at defaultResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:1135:3)
    at nextResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:163:28)
    at ESMLoader.resolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:838:30)
    at ESMLoader.getModuleJob (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:424:18)
    at ESMLoader.import (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:525:22)
    at initializeLoader (node:internal/process/esm_loader:75:58)
    at loadESM (node:internal/process/esm_loader:90:11)
    at runMainESM (node:internal/modules/run_main:55:21) {  
  code: 'ERR_UNSUPPORTED_ESM_URL_SCHEME'
}

Node.js v18.14.0

附：配置文件 #

（以下为示例框架，请补充实际配置内容）

package.json 示例片段 #

{
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "..."
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "mocha": "^10.2.0",
    "@swc-node/register": "^1.6.8",
    "cross-env": "^7.0.3",
    "ts-node": "^10.9.1",
    "typescript": "^5.3.3"
  }
}

tsconfig.json 示例片段 #

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "ES2020",
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "NodeNext",
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true,
    "strict": true,
    "outDir": "./dist"
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*"]
}

解决思路 #

针对问题1（swc-node ENOENT错误） #

• 修正Windows引号语法：Windows cmd不支持单引号包裹环境变量值，将NODE_OPTIONS的单引号改为转义双引号，修改test命令为：

  "test": "cross-env SWCRC=true NODE_OPTIONS=\"--loader @swc-node/register/esm\" mocha ./src/tests/**/*.test.ts"
  

• 确认依赖完整性：执行pnpm add -D @swc-node/register @swc/core，确保swc相关依赖正确安装
• 清理pnpm缓存：执行pnpm store prune清除缓存，再运行pnpm install重新安装所有依赖，避免缓存导致的依赖缺失

针对问题2（ts-node URL Scheme错误） #

• 统一路径分隔符：Windows下使用正斜杠替代反斜杠，修改测试命令为：

  pnpm mocha --loader ts-node/esm ./src/tests/handlers/user.handler.test.ts
  

• 配置ESM支持：确保package.json中设置"type": "module"，tsconfig.json中设置"module": "ESNext"和"moduleResolution": "NodeNext"，统一TypeScript和Node.js的模块规范
• 添加ts-node配置：创建ts-node.config.json或在tsconfig.json中添加ESM支持：

  {
    "esm": true,
    "experimentalSpecifierResolution": "node"
  }
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Compphys