Render部署Flask爬虫：Playwright无法使用Chromium的问题求助

问题详情 #

我有一个基于Flask的网页爬虫应用，本地运行完全正常，但部署到Render平台后出现异常。应用需要抓取依赖JavaScript渲染的动态页面（需打开新窗口解析HTML），技术栈为Playwright搭配Chromium无头浏览器导航，Beautiful Soup处理抓取内容。

部署到Render后触发如下错误：

Executable doesn't exist at /opt/render/.cache/ms-playwright/chromium-1091/chrome-linux/chrome
"Looks like Playwright was just installed or updated. 
Please run the following command to download new browsers: 
playwright install"

问题核心是Render默认未预装Chromium，且原生安装Chromium遇到阻碍。参考相关方案后，尝试用Dockerfile部署，但部署后仍出现上述相同错误。当前构建命令为pip install -r requirements.txt，尝试修改为Docker相关构建命令时，Render无法识别docker build语法。该问题已困扰一周，需解决以支持新网站的自动更新。

已编写的Dockerfile #

FROM python:3.9.6-slim

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y chromium

ENV PLAYWRIGHT_BROWSERS_PATH=/usr/lib/playwright
ENV PLAYWRIGHT_SKIP_BROWSER_DOWNLOAD 1

RUN pip install playwright-chromium@1.11.1

RUN pip install playwright==1.21.1

RUN playwright install

WORKDIR /usr/src/app

COPY . .

RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    libglib2.0-0 \
    libnss3 \
    libnspr4 \
    libdbus-1-3 \
    libatk1.0-0 \
    libatk-bridge2.0-0 \
    libcups2 \
    libdrm2 \
    libxcb1 \
    libxkbcommon0 \
    libatspi2.0-0 \
    libx11-6 \
    libxcomposite1 \
    libxdamage1 \
    libxext6 \
    libxfixes3 \
    libxrandr2 \
    libgbm1 \
    libpango-1.0-0 \
    libcairo2 \
    libasound2

EXPOSE 80

CMD ["gunicorn", "-w", "4", "-b", "0.0.0.0:80", "app:app"]

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LeeDyer