如何通过Census Geocoder API获取经纬度？Python新手求助

我从未使用过Python或调用过API，现在有点懵。我需要把地址发送到人口普查局的地理编码API来获取对应的纬度和经度，但找到的教程全是关于批量处理（addressbatch）的，我不需要批量功能。我的地址是从命令行传入的随机地址，下面是我写的跑不起来的代码，请问怎么让这个API返回经纬度？

import sys
import socket
import subprocess
import requests
import json

def main():
    # 读取命令行传入的URL
    urlIn = sys.argv[1]

    IP = socket.gethostbyname(urlIn)

    res = subprocess.getstatusoutput("whois " + IP)
    ressplit = res[1].split("\n")
    # 从whois结果中解析地址
    for i in ressplit:
        if i.startswith("Address: "):
            a = i[10:]
        if i.startswith("City: "):
            c = i[6:]
        if i.startswith("StateProv: "):
            s = i[11:]
        if i.startswith("PostalCode: "):
            p = i[12:]
            break

    # 拼接完整地址
    address = a.strip() + ", " + c.strip() + ", " + s.strip() + " " + p.strip()
    print(address)

    # 地理编码API基础地址
    geo_s = "https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/locations/address?"
    location = address
    PARAMS = {'address':location}

    response = requests.get(url = geo_s, params = PARAMS)
    data = response.json()
    # 重复解析JSON（冗余）
    geojs = json.loads(response.text)
    latitude = data['x']
    longitude = data ['y']

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

cscd330lab2 % ./lab2.py "youtube.com"
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/emilyherbert/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/requests/models.py", line 971, in json
    return complexjson.loads(self.text, **kwargs)
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/json/__init__.py", line 346, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/json/decoder.py", line 337, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/json/decoder.py", line 355, in raw_decode
    raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/emilyherbert/Desktop/cscd330lab2/./lab2.py", line 82, in <module>
    main()
  File "/Users/emilyherbert/Desktop/cscd330lab2/./lab2.py", line 40, in main
    data = response.json()
  File "/Users/emilyherbert/Library/Python/3.9/lib/python/site-packages/requests/models.py", line 975, in json
    raise RequestsJSONDecodeError(e.msg, e.doc, e.pos)
requests.exceptions.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

1. 补全API必填参数
   人口普查局的地理编码API默认返回XML格式，必须显式指定返回JSON，同时还要提供benchmark参数（指定地理数据版本，常用Public_AR_Current）。修改请求参数：

   PARAMS = {
       'address': location,
       'format': 'json',
       'benchmark': 'Public_AR_Current'
   }
   

2. 修正JSON解析逻辑
   API返回的坐标不是直接在根节点，而是嵌套在result->addressMatches[0]->coordinates下，而且注意API里x是经度，y是纬度。替换解析代码：

   response = requests.get(url=geo_s, params=PARAMS)
   data = response.json()
   # 检查是否有匹配结果
   if data['result']['addressMatches']:
       coords = data['result']['addressMatches'][0]['coordinates']
       longitude = coords['x']
       latitude = coords['y']
       print(f"纬度: {latitude}, 经度: {longitude}")
   else:
       print("没找到对应地址的地理坐标")
   

3. 清理冗余代码
   删除重复的json.loads(response.text)，response.json()已经把返回内容转成了Python字典，直接用data即可。

4. 基础环境检查
   确保已经安装requests库，没装的话运行：

   pip install requests
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Emily Herbert